Hepatobiliary Transport of Bile Acids
Fig. 2.1 Bile acid transporters. In hepatocytes, bile acids are absorbed from the sinusoid by NTCP, and in part by OATPs, and are secreted into the bile canaliculus by BSEP….
Pelvic Floor Anatomy and Neurovasculature Related to Urogenital Pain
Fig. 1.1 (a, b) Nociceptive versus inflammatory pain signal stimuli and conduction pathways. (c, d) Dysfunctional versus neuropathic pain signal stimuli and conduction pathways Nociceptive Versus Neuropathic Pain Pain is…
Piriformis Syndrome and Pudendal Neuralgia
Fig. 5.1 Piriformis muscle in relation to surrounding muscles and sciatic nerve (Source: Atlas of Common Pain Syndromes, Chapter 84, 266–268 [1]) Diagnosis When it comes to diagnosing piriformis syndrome,…
Spinal Cord Stimulation for Chronic Pelvic Pain
Fig. 11.1 Illustration of the gate control theory of pain Procedure When a patient is deemed a potential candidate for an SCS device, the first step is to schedule a…
Complementary and Alternative Medicine
Fig. 14.1 Ten most common CAM therapies among US adults who reported CAM use within 1 year of being surveyed in the 2002 National Health Interview Survey on CAM from:…
Cancer Pain in the Urogenital Region
Fig. 10.1 Visual analog scale Fig. 10.2 Wong-baker scale Fig. 10.3 PAINAD scale Fig. 10.4 Memory pain assessment card In keeping with the concept of “total pain,” one must explore…
Scrotal Pain
, Craig S. Niederberger1, Christina Ho2, Michael Sabia3 and Allen D. Seftel2 (1) Department of Urology, University of Illinois Medical Center at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA (2) Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Cooper University Hospital,…
Rehabilitation of the Pelvis and Pelvic Floor
Gastroenterologic Urologic Gynecologic Musculoskeletal Other Constipation Interstitial cystitis Adenomyosis Myofascial pain Chronic pain Hemorrhoids Anal fissures Chronic proctalgia Chronic pelvic pain syndrome Chronic UTI Endometriosis Menstrual cramps Ectopic pregnancy Nerve…
Ilioinguinal and Genitofemoral Neuralgia
Fig. 2.1 Trajectory of the nerves in the pelvis, including the genitofemoral, ilioinguinal, and iliohypogastric nerves, often together known as the border nerves as they are responsible for providing sensation…
Intrathecal Drug Delivery Systems
Therefore, if a small dosage of drug is given intrathecally, the small volume of distribution in the CSF will lead to a more potent effect than if that same dose…
