Interpreting Semen Analysis and Level 2 Sperm Testing
Parameter WHO 2010 lower reference limits (95% CI) WHO manual (1999) cutoff points Semen volume (ml) 1.5 (1.4–1.7) ≥2 ml or more Total sperm number (106 per ejaculate) 39 (33–46) ≥40…
Spinal Cord Injury Related Infertility
Type of injury Ejaculation rate (%) Complete upper motor neuron Incomplete upper motor neuron Complete lower motor neuron Incomplete lower motor neuron 4–11 32 18 70 Disruption of the reflex…
Establishing and Managing a Sperm Bank
© Springer International Publishing AG 2017Nabil Aziz and Ashok Agarwal (eds.)The Diagnosis and Treatment of Male Infertility10.1007/978-3-319-56547-7_15 15. Establishing and Managing a Sperm Bank Grace M. Centola1 (1) Reproductive Laboratory and Tissue Bank Consultant, Port St Lucie,…
Varicocele: Surgical Intervention Versus Assisted Conception
© Springer International Publishing AG 2017Nabil Aziz and Ashok Agarwal (eds.)The Diagnosis and Treatment of Male Infertility10.1007/978-3-319-56547-7_12 12. Varicocele: Surgical Intervention Versus Assisted Conception Nicholas N. Tadros1 and Edmund SabaneghJr.2 (1) Department of Urology, Cleveland Clinic, 4968 Oakridge…
Sperm Retrieval Techniques
Advantages Disadvantages PESA • Fast • Low cost • Possibly office/outpatient procedure • Minimal recovery and morbidity • Repeatable • No microsurgical skill and instruments required • Few sperm…
CFTR-Related Male Infertility
Fig. 10.1 Pedigree for Simon Jones and Heather Simpson Heather proceeds to have DNA analysis for the same 50 common CFTR mutations, and no mutations are found. The couple are reassured…
Management of Infections in Male Infertility
Low risk of gonorrhea Flouroqinolone active against chlamydia once daily for 10–14 days OR Doxycycline AND antibiotic against enterobacteriaceae for 10–14 days Likely gonorrhea Single dose ceftriaxone intramuscularly AND doxycycline for 10–14 days…
Management of Azoospermia
TESA Mapping TESE Micro TESE Sperm retrieval rate (%) 49.5 47 45 62 Advantages Simple Can be repeated Less cost Simple Gives a guide to subsequent biopsy No microsurgical…
Medical and Lifestyle Approaches to Improving Semen Quality
Test Value Reference range FSH (mIU/mL) 4 4–10 LH (mIU/mL) 5 4–12 Testosteronea (ng/dL) 198 250–1000 Estrogen (pg/mL) 25 10–40 Prolactin (ng/mL) 10 2–18 aDrawn on two separate occasions before…
Managing Infertility Due to Endocrine Causes
Fig. 5.1 The hypothalamo–pituitary–testicular axis. The negative influence is shown with dash lines. E 2 Estradiol; FSH Follicle-stimulating hormone; LH luteinizing hormone; AMH Anti-Müllerian hormone; “?” means that the action and…
