Introduction
Figure 1.1 Gastrointestinal complications associated with diabetes (Reproduced with permission from Sellin [11] ©Nature) 1.2 Risk Factors Elevated blood glucose (HbA1c), long duration of diabetes, and the presence of established…
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Cause Method of evaluation Central obesity Waist circumference >102 cm in men Waist circumference >88 cm in women Impaired fasting glucose Fasting blood glucose >110 mg/dL Hypertension Systolic blood pressure…
Diabetes and the Exocrine Pancreas
Major criteria Minor criteria Major criteria A Cysts Hyperechoic foci with shadowing (parenchymal calcifications) Stranding Main pancreatic duct calculi Hyperechoic foci without shadowing Lobularity without honeycombing Major criteria B Irregular…
Diabetes, Cirrhosis, and Liver Transplantation
Figure 8.1 Posttransplant management: blood glucose control. FPG fasting plasma glucose, IGT impaired glucose tolerance, PG plasma glucose (Reproduced with permission from Wilkinson [29] ©Wiley) References 1. Tolman KG, Fonseca…
Diabetes, Specific Hepatobiliary Diseases, and Treatment
Drug class Medication Hepatotoxicity Safe in patients with cirrhosis? Comment Sulfonylureasa Glyburide, glipizide Rare cholestasis Yes May not overcome insulin resistance and defect in insulin secretion seen in alcoholic cirrhosis…
Miscellaneous Disorders: Pregnancy-Associated Liver Disorders, Vascular Disorders, Granulomatous Diseases, and Amyloidosis
Test Change from nonpregnant state Bilirubin (total) Unchanged (or slightly decreased) Aminotransferases (AST, ALT) Unchanged Alkaline phosphatase Increases 2–4 fold Albumin Decreases Prothrombin time Unchanged Fibrinogen Increases by 50 %…
Liver Transplantation: An Overview
Fig. 36.1 Trends in the distribution of major indications for liver transplantation over the past decade in the United States. HCC hepatocellular carcinoma, HCV hepatitis C, ALD alcoholic liver disease,…
Endoscopy and the Liver Patient
Fig. 34.1 Endoscopic view of grade 2 varices in distal esophagus Prevention of Variceal Hemorrhage Screening for Esophageal Varices in Cirrhotics A great deal of research has been performed on…
Metabolic and Genetic Liver Diseases: Wilson’s Disease
Scenario (If the parents…) Transmission (….then the children) If both parents have the disease… …then all children will have the disease If one parent has the disease and one parent…
What Do Abnormal Liver Tests Mean?
Moderate-to-marked elevation in aminotransferases Mild elevation in aminotransferases Ischemic injurya, b Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease Toxic injurya, b Alcoholic hepatitis Acute viral hepatitisa, c, d Pharmacology Acute biliary obstructiona, d,…
