Fig. 10.1 Metabolism of purines and uric acid. AMP adenosine monophosphate, GMP guanosine monophosphate, IMP inosine monophosphate, XO xanthine oxidase Uric acid is mainly excreted by the kidney, while the…
Beverages that may be beneficial to stone formers Beverages that should be avoided by some stone formers Water, flavored noncaloric waters Sugar-/fructose-sweetened beverages and sodas Light diet sodas Dark sodas…
Fig. 7.1 Tailored nutrition therapy (From Penniston and Nakada [32]) References 1. Coe FL, Parks JH. New insights into the pathophysiology and treatment of nephrolithiasis: new research venues. J Bone…
SF-36 QoL domains Physical functioning Role limitations Bodily pain Social functioning General mental health Role limitations (due to emotional problems) Vitality General health perceptions HRQoL has been shown to be…
Dietary risk Indication(s) for assessing risk Mechanism for dietary risk Suboptimal fluid intake Assess as needed, especially when: Low fluid intake results in concentrated (less dilute) urine and high urine…
Fig. 5.1 Dose-response relations for nutrients. Both deficient and excessive intake of a single nutrient or total energy result in adverse effects as illustrated in the u-shape of the curve….
Series Year of publication Number of cases Primary vs. secondary RPLND Minor complications (Clavien < 3) Major complication (Clavien ≥ 3) Cheney et al. [1] 2015 18 Both 17% 0% Harris et al. [2]…
Fig. 30.1 Vesicovaginal fistula VVFs occur 1–6 weeks after gynecological or obstetric surgery. Recurrent fistulas may develop within the first 3 months after primary repair [1]. Cronwell found the success rate was…
Fig. 24.1 (a) Incision of the prostatic capsule is “vesicotranscapsular ” vertical [1], horizontal in the vesicoprostatic junction [2], or horizontally as in the Milan approach or prostatic capsule [3]….
Fig. 22.1 Revision pyeloplasty after failed previous pyeloplasty. Nephrostogram (left) shows complete occlusion at site of previous anastomosis, and intraoperative view shows strictured ureteropelvic junction (yellow arrow) and previously transposed…
