Gastric Pacing
Fig. 25.1 Two-channel gastric pacing prototype device pulse generator (black box) is attached to external wires in a patient with refractory GP. These external wires stimulate electrodes that were surgically…
Chronic Cough and Throat Clearing
Intrathoracic etiologies Airways Asthma Nonasthmatic eosinophilic bronchitis (NAEB) Chronic bronchitis Bronchiectasis Tracheobronchial malacia Obstructive sleep apnea Drug induced: ACEI, sitagliptin Inhaled medications Chronic exposure to environmental and occupational irritants Bronchogenic…
Small Intestinal Tests: Small Bowel Follow Through, CT Enterography, and MR Enterography
Fig. 33.1 Normal small bowel follow through The small bowel follow through is performed for a wide variety of clinical problems. Along with CT enterography and MR enterography (see below),…
Achalasia and Esophageal Outlet Obstruction
Fig. 1.1 Schematic representation of etiology proposed to underlie the different achalasia phenotypes Esophagogastric junction outflow obstruction (EGJOO) is a condition characterized by HRM findings of impaired EGJ function but,…
Helicobacter pylori and Other Gastritides
Fig. 27.1 Chronic H. pylori gastritis. The arrow points to the chronic inflammatory exudate. Courtesy of Timothy Wallace, MD Fig. 27.2 H. pylori gastritis: immunological stain for H. pylori. The…
Nonerosive Reflux Disease (NERD)
Fig. 10.1 A diagnostic algorithm for NERD in patients on PPI treatment based on Rome IV criteria (adapted from [12]) Fig. 10.2 A diagnostic algorithm for NERD in patients off…
Esophageal Chest Pain: Esophageal Spasm
Motility disorder Contractility pattern Associated features Conventional manometry [5] Distal esophageal spasm >10% simultaneous contractions • Intermittent normal peristalsis • Spontaneous contractions • Repetitive contractions • Multi-peaked contractions Nutcracker esophagus Elevated mean distal wave…
Chest Pain of Esophageal Origin and Reflux Hypersensitivity
Fig. 3.1 The approach to patients with GERD symptoms not responding to medical therapy. *The optimal proton pump inhibitor (PPI) dose threshold to define failure of acid suppression is unknown….
The Wireless Motility Capsule
Fig. 34.1 The wireless motility capsule system (Smartpill). (a) The capsule. (b) The data receiver and the display software. Used with the permission of Medtronic, Dublin, Ireland Indications for the…
Barrett’s Esophagus: Am I Going to Get Cancer? What Should I Do to Avoid It?
Fig. 13.1 Gastrointestinal junction under white light endoscopy (WLE) showing intestinal metaplasia consistent with Barrett’s esophagus with a nodule Chromoendoscopy Chromoendoscopy uses the topical application of dyes or contrast agents…
