Iron-Deficiency Anemia
Fig. 2.1 Mechanisms of erythropoiesis and iron homeostasis Enterocyte iron absorption is an extremely complicated process whose scope goes beyond the goal of this presentation. Understanding of some basic elements…
Anemia of Chronic Disease
Associated disorder Estimated prevalence (%) of the disorder Infections (acute and chronic): viral infections, including HIV; bacterial; parasitic; fungal 18–95 Cancer: hematological and solid tumors 30–77 Autoimmune: 8–71 Rheumatoid arthritis …
Imaging the Gravid Female
Developmental period Dose range (mGy) Teratogenic effects Any <50 None Preimplantation (0–2 weeks after conception) 50–100 All-or-none effect resulting in either embryonic demise or no effect Organogenesis (2–8 weeks) 200–250…
Gynecologic Etiologies of Abdominal Pain in Pregnancy
Fig. 7.1 Pelvic masses that may present in pregnancy (© 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. www.netterimages.com. Used with permission) Fig. 7.2 Para-ovarian cysts are often identified during routine obstetrical…
Obstetrical Etiologies of Abdominal Pain
Fig. 6.1 Spontaneous abortion (© 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. www.netterimages.com. Used with permission) Diagnosis The spontaneous loss of an intrauterine pregnancy (IUP) prior to 20 weeks of gestation…
Overview of the Normal Development of the Human Embryo and Fetus
Fig. 2.1 Phases of antenatal human development (Image used under license from Shutterstock.com) The Embryonic Period First Postconceptional Week Week 1 begins at conception and typically occurs approximately 14 days…
Urological Etiologies of Abdominal Pain
Fig. 9.1 Ultrasound of a pregnant patient presenting with flank pain, nausea, and vomiting with a right-sided ureteral stone . Color Doppler indicates the loss of a right ureteral jet,…
Maternal Anatomical and Physiological Adaption to Pregnancy
Fig. 1.1 Cardiac output in pregnancy. Increase in cardiac output, stroke volume , and heart rate from the nonpregnant state throughout pregnancy (From Gabbe [17]. Reprinted with permission from Elsevier)…
Legal Concerns in Complicated Obstetrical Cases
Category Fine range Did not know of breach $100–50,000 Had reasonable cause to know $1000–50,000 Willful neglect, corrected $10,000–50,000 Willful neglect, not corrected $50,000 Informed Consent Informed consent is a…
Surgical Principles in the Gravid Female
The Four H’s of surgery on pregnant patients: 1. Prevent maternal hypotension 2. Prevent maternal hypoglycemia 3. Prevent maternal hypothermia 4. Prevent maternal hypoxia The patient should be positioned in…
