Vena Caval Thrombectomy
A vast number of retroperitoneal tumors can cause a thrombus in the venous drainage of the kidney: extending from the renal vein to the inferior vena cava (IVC) and including…
Laparoscopic Nephrectomy
Both the transperitoneal and retroperitoneal laparoscopic approaches are reasonable for the majority of nephrectomy procedures. With specific regards to laparoscopic radical nephrectomy, the procedure has been accepted as the alternative…
Laparoscopic and Robotic-Assisted Laparoscopic Partial Nephrectomy
Although robotic and laparoscopic techniques for partial nephrectomy have traditionally been used for less complex tumors smaller than 4 cm in size, indications for further use have expanded in recent years….
Percutaneous Resection of Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma
Preoperative Preparation and Planning Percutaneous resection of upper tract urothelial carcinoma enables larger-caliber instruments than ureteroscopy, which allows for improved tumor sampling and staging. Nephroureterectomy is recommended for high-grade tumors,…
Open and Laparoscopic Nephroureterectomy
Nephroureterectomy entails en bloc excision of the kidney, ureter, and an ipsilateral cuff of the urinary bladder around the ureteral orifice. This operation is a primary treatment option for upper…
Surgical Approaches for Open Renal Surgery, Including Open Radical Nephrectomy
Anatomic Basis for Renal Incisions Abdominal and Chest Wall Figs. 8.1 and 8.2 show the vascular and nervous supply to the abdominal wall muscles. The intercostal nerves emerge from below…
Open Partial Nephrectomy
Partial nephrectomy is the treatment of choice for managing most renal masses (Video 9.1 ). Relative contraindications include patient factors (strong preference, <10%–20% retained function in the kidney in question),…
Reconstructive Techniques
Grafts, as free segments of tissue, depend on the delivery of nutrients from the vascular bed onto which they are transferred. Flaps carry their own blood supply or have it…
Basics of Robotic Surgery
Evolution of the Robot: a Brief Journey Through Time The Robot Institute of America (1979) defined the robot as “a reprogrammable multifunctional manipulator designed to move material, parts, tools or…
Methods of Nerve Block
Pharmacology The commonly used local anesthetics, such as lidocaine and bupivacaine, are amides. Ester class anesthetics, such as procaine, cocaine, tetracaine, and benzocaine, have limited clinical use as a result…
