Answers to Self-Study Problems
Chapter 1 1. Each of the three agents acts only on cells having receptors for that agent. Because hormones travel through the general circulation, receptors are responsible for specificity. In…
Bile Secretion and Gallbladder Function
Objectives • Describe the constituents of bile and their functions. • Understand the solubility of the bile acids and bile salts and how it affects their reabsorption in the small…
Pancreatic Secretion
Objectives • Describe the two components of pancreatic exocrine secretion, their cells of origin, and their functions. • Understand the mechanisms involved in the formation of both the electrolyte (aqueous)…
Salivary Secretion
Objectives • Discuss the constituents and various functions of saliva. • Understand the mechanisms leading to the formation of saliva. • Explain the processes resulting in the tonicity of saliva…
Motility of the Large Intestine
Objectives • Describe the anatomy of the large intestine. • Explain the function of the ileocecal reflex. • Define a mass movement. • Understand the motility of defecation and the…
Swallowing
Objectives • Describe the oral and pharyngeal events taking place during a swallow. • Describe the pressures within the esophagus and oral stomach at rest and during a swallow. •…
Motility of the Small Intestine
Objectives • Compare the motility patterns of the small intestine during feeding and fasting. • Describe the functions of slow waves and spike potentials in regulating contractions of the small…
Regulation: Nerves and Smooth Muscle
Objectives • Understand the anatomy and functions of the enteric nervous system and its relationship with the parasympathetic and sympathetic systems. • Describe the anatomy and types of contractions of…
Regulation: Peptides of the Gastrointestinal Tract
Objectives • Describe the four major functions of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. • Understand the differences between and significance of endocrine, paracrine, and neurocrine agents. • Identify the major GI…
Gastric Emptying
Objectives • Describe the contractions of the orad and caudad regions of the stomach. • Explain the regulation of the contractile activity of the stomach, including the role of slow…
