The portion of the immune system resident within the intestine faces significant challenges. A single layer of epithelium separates the largest population of immune cells in the body from a…
Gastrointestinal Gas The symptom of increased gassiness is a complaint frequently encountered by physicians. Although 10% to 30% of the general adult population report symptoms related to excessive gastrointestinal gas,…
It is accepted that the ability to vomit developed as a protective mechanism to rid the body of ingested toxins. Unfortunately vomiting also frequently occurs unrelated to the ingestion of…
Watching a child grow is one of the primary satisfactions of pediatric medicine, as well as of parenthood. When a child does not grow well, or “fails to thrive,” it…
Bile acids are important in the processing of dietary lipids and serve three major functions. They aggregate and form micelles in the upper small intestine, which help solubilize lipolytic products,…
Chronic abdominal pain is common in children. The majority of children with chronic abdominal pain have an abdominal pain–related functional gastrointestinal disorder (AP-FGID). AP-FGIDs are frequently and generically referred to…
More than half of patients attending a pediatric gastroenterology clinic met symptom-based criteria for a functional gastrointestinal disorder. Knowing how to relieve the physical and emotional suffering in children and…
Researchers have estimated that the human body contains 10 14 cells, only 10% of which are not bacteria and belong to the human body proper. Furthermore, the number of genes…
1. Why the history of nephrology? “To understand a science it is necessary to know its history,” said August Comte (1798–1857), founder of modern sociology. Rooted in sociology, this saying…
