SELECTIVE VAGOTOMY
Step 1: Surgical Anatomy ♦ Selective vagotomy entails transection of both the descending branch of the anterior vagus nerve (anterior nerve of Latarjet) distal to the hepatic branches, and the…
TRUNCAL VAGOTOMY
Step 1: Surgical Anatomy ♦ The anterior or left vagus nerve is a thick, visible structure which lies just right of the midline along the anterior surface of the intraabdominal…
HELLER MYOTOMY
Step 1: Surgical Anatomy ♦ Esophageal muscular layers: outer longitudinal, middle circular, inner layer mucosa ♦ Gastric muscular layers: outer longitudinal, middle circular, inner oblique, mucosa ♦ Cause of achalasia:…
IVOR LEWIS ESOPHAGECTOMY
Step 1: Surgical Anatomy ♦ The azygous vein crosses the esophagus at approximately the junction of the first third and second third of the esophagus. If the azygous vein is…
TRI-INCISIONAL ESOPHAGECTOMY
Step 1: Surgical Anatomy ♦ The normal stomach will reach the neck when placed in situ in virtually every patient. If a patient has had prior gastric surgery, then it…
Liver neoplasms
Primary tumors of the liver are divided into epithelial and mesenchymal lesions and further classified as benign or malignant ( Table 20-1 ). Overall, metastatic tumors are more common than…
Inflammatory and infectious diseases of the liver
■ Nonhepatotropic infections Bacterial infections Clinical features Bacterial infections in the liver may be manifested by pyogenic abscess, scattered microabscesses with small granulomas (tularemia and listeriosis), noncaseating granulomas (brucellosis), or…
Non-neoplastic and neoplastic pathology of the pancreas
■ Non-neoplastic diseases Developmental anomalies The three most commonly encountered developmental anomalies of the pancreas in routine surgical pathology practice are pancreatic divisum, annular pancreas, and ectopic pancreas. Pancreatic divisum…
Gastrointestinal polyposis syndromes
The intestinal polyposis syndromes are responsible for less than 1% of all lower gastrointestinal (GI) tract malignancies but have provided vast insight into the genetic alterations that underlie GI neoplasia….
Metabolic and toxic conditions of the liver
■ Accumulation of metals Iron accumulation Hemochromatosis is defined as excessive accumulation of iron in the liver and other organs, and may be a manifestation of a primary disease process…
