Fig. 8.1 Etiology of PSC Three ulcerative colitis (UC) susceptibility loci associated with PSC, harboring the putative candidate genes REL, IL2, and CARD9, have been identified [6]. A study reported…
Fig. 10.1 Bile acid receptors (FXR, TGR5) and metabolic regulation in the liver. FXR is expressed in hepatocytes in the liver. TGR5 is expressed in LSECs and Kupffer cells in…
Fig. 3.1 Enzymatic hydrolysis and micellar solubilization of dietary lipids. BA conjugated bile acid, C cholesterol, CE cholesterol ester, DG diacylglycerol, FFA free fatty acid, LPC lysophosphatidylcholine, MG monoacylglycerol, PC…
Fig. 1.1 Types of bile acids 1.2 Biosynthesis of Bile Acids Two pathways, classical (neutral) pathway and alternative pathway, are known for the biosynthesis of bile acids [1]. Neutral pathway…
Fig. 14.1 The schema of the randomized control study [36]. Eligible criteria included the removal of one or more colorectal adenomas with a diameter of 3 mm or more during a…
© Springer Japan KK 2017Susumu Tazuma and Hajime Takikawa (eds.)Bile Acids in Gastroenterology10.1007/978-4-431-56062-3_13 13. Bile Acids and Esophageal Cancer Juntaro Matsuzaki1 and Hidekazu Suzuki2 (1) Division of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1…
Fig. 9.1 Simplified scheme of the two major pathways for the synthesis of bile acids from cholesterol and for their recycling. The “neutral” pathway starts with conversion of cholesterol to…
Fig. 12.1 A schema of bile acid signaling in pancreatic acinar cells. Extracellular bile acid enters pancreatic acinar cells through Na+-dependent transporter Ntcp at the luminal membrane and Na+-independent transporter…
Fig. 4.1 Nuclear receptors regulate bile acid metabolism. Nuclear receptors that regulate expression of genes involved in bile acid metabolism are shown. FXR, PXR, and VDR respond to bile acids….
1. Elevated cholestatic liver enzymes (e.g., alkaline phosphatase) 2. Detectable antimitochondrial antibodies (AMA) in sera 3. The presence of chronic nonsuppurative destructive cholangitis The diagnosis of PBC is made if…
