Novel Drugs for Underactive Bladder
Fig. 7.1 Potential new drugs for UAB target key molecular pathways involved in micturition control at the levels of the urothelium, detrusor muscle autonomic and afferent pathways, spinal cord, and…
Geriatric Urology and Underactive Bladder
Comorbid condition Direct and indirect effects Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) Bladder outlet obstruction Cognitive impairment (delirium, dementia) Decreased sensation of filling Reduced awareness of need to void Diabetes mellitus Decreased…
Current Drug Therapy for Underactive Bladder
Fig. 6.1 Direct (bethanechol) and indirect (distigmine) agonist treatment of underactive bladder Current approaches toward medical treatment of UAB aim at providing additional stimulation of bladder muscarinic receptors. This can…
The Role of STD Pathogens in Bacterial Prostatitis
Fig. 11.1 An intermediate body of Chlamydia trachomatis undergoing differentiation. In this figure there are two points of condensation of DNA into electron-dense nucleoids (n). Note the inner cytoplasmic membrane…
Management of Infective Complications Following Prostate Biopsy
Acronym Clinical diagnosis Clinical symptoms Grade of severity CY-1 Cystitis Dysuria, frequency, urgency, suprapubic pain; sometimes unspecific symptoms 1 PN-2 Mild and moderate pyelonephritis Fever, flank pain, CVA tenderness; sometimes…
The Contribution of Prostate Infection and Inflammation to BPH and Cancer
Fig. 10.1 Histopathological evaluation of chronic tissue inflammatory infiltrate (Courtesy by Prof Guido Martignoni (University of Verona, Italy)) 10.1.1 The Prostate Model Chronic prostatic inflammation seems to play a crucial…
Imaging Studies: What Is Their Role?
Fig. 5.1 Color Doppler appearance of the prostate gland. Transrectal transverse scans. (a) Normal prostate. (b) Patient with clinically obvious prostatitis showing marked hypervascularization of the prostate gland Fig. 5.2…
Classification of Prostatitis: What Is the Clinical Usefulness?
Prostatitis NIH categories Prostatitis type Cat I Acute bacterial prostatitis (ABP) Cat II Chronic bacterial prostatitis (CBP) Cat III Cat III a Cat III b Chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome…
Epidemiology and Microbiological Considerations: What’s New?
Continent Country Prevalence References Europe Austria 2.7 [9] Italy 12.8–13.8 [3, 4] Finland 14 [8] America USA 16 [11] Canada 2.7 [7] Canada 8.5–11.5 [13] Asia China 2.6 [14] Japan…
Treatment of Bacterial Prostatitis: Clinico-Pharmacological Considerations
Fig. 6.1 An acetylation reaction, catalyzed by the enzyme aac (6′)-Ib-cr, of the (=NH) moiety within the piperazine ring of ciprofloxacin. Levofloxacin (bottom) possesses a methylated piperazine residue (indicated by…
