Essential Cytopathology Concepts for the Endosonographer
Fig. 24.1 The FNA mobile cart is equipped with a double-headed microscope as well as a Diff–Quik setup to stain slides for on-site assessment At a minimum, the endoscopist can…
Diagnosing Biliary Strictures and Indeterminate Biliary Strictures
Benign Malignant Inflammatory Primary Cancer Primary sclerosing cholangitis Pancreatic Chronic pancreatitis Biliary Acute pancreatitis Hepatocellular Recurrent cholangitis Ampullary Gallstone induced Gallbladder Autoimmune (cholangitis or pancreatitis) Iatrogenic Metastatic Cancer Post cholecystectomy…
Subepithelial Lesions
Fig. 28.1 A subepithelial lesion identified in the proximal rectum in a patient with a prior history of sigmoid colon cancer What is the Differential Diagnosis of Subepithelial Lesions? The…
EUS in Pancreatic Cysts
Benign (no malignant potential) Premalignant or malignant Serous cystadenomaa Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm Pseudocyst Mucinous cystic neoplasm Lymphoepithelial cyst Solid pseudopapillary neoplasm Retention cyst Cystic neuroendocrine tumor Mucinous nonneoplastic cyst…
EUS in Acute Pancreatitis, Chronic Pancreatitis, and Autoimmune Pancreatitis
Fig. 32.1 EUS identifies an 18 × 12 mm cystic lesion with solid peripheral component in the tail of the pancreas, which clearly communicates with the main pancreatic duct and did…
Indications for ERCP
Fig. 2.1 a Probe-confocal laser endomicroscopy ( pCLE) image of normal bile duct with reticular network of thin dark branching bands and light gray background. b pCLE image of bile…
Esophageal Cancer
Fig. 25.1 White light endoscopy showing near circumferential mass in distal esophagus (Courtesy Dr. Tamas Gonda, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY) Diagnosis of Esophageal Cancer Esophageal cancer is…
Techniques of Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Fine Needle Aspiration
Indications Primary diagnosis of pancreatic masses Differentiation of cystic pancreatic lesions Evaluation of unexplained periluminal lymphadenopathy Diagnosis of gastrointestinal intramural lesions Staging of digestive and pulmonary malignancies Sampling of peritoneal…
ERCP in Pregnancy
Disease Pregnancy trimester Laboratory abnormalities Hyperemesis gravidarum First Elevated AST, ALT Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy Second and third trimester and postpartum Elevated serum bile acids Elevated AST, ALT, Bilirubin Normal…
Endosonography of the Mediastinum
Common indications Lymphadenopathy Lung cancer nodal staging Esophageal cancer tumor Nodal staging Mediastinal mass Uncommon indications Mediastinal vascular abnormalities Mediastinal cystic lesions Thyroid mass/lesion Mediastinal collections FNA fine-needle aspiration, FNB…
