Cryptorchidism is a common genital anomaly diagnosed at birth or during childhood. Genetic and/or environmental factors that alter expression or function of hormones crucial for testicular descent, insulin-like 3, and…
Hypospadias is one of the most common congenital defects in humans. The molecular events required in the genitourinary tract for normal development of the external genitalia are just beginning to…
Antenatal sonography has markedly increased the detection of urogenital anomalies, including those conditions that lead to significant morbidity and mortality. Prenatal intervention is feasible to arrest and sometimes reverse the…
Approximately 70,000 new cases of bladder cancer are diagnosed yearly, of which 52,000 are male patients. In 2009 there were approximately 14,000 deaths attributed to bladder cancer, 10,000 of which…
Although surgery is the mainstay of curative treatment of carcinomas of the penis and urethra, there is a role for systemic cytotoxic chemotherapy for locally advanced, unresectable, or metastatic tumors….
Urethral cancer is a rare but aggressive neoplasm. Early-stage distal lesions can be successfully treated with a single modality. Results for definitive radiotherapy using either or both external beam radiation…
Primary urethral cancers represent less than 1% of genitourinary malignancy. Given this is an uncommon disease, there are limited data to guide diagnostic and treatment strategies. Surgical extirpation remains the…
Patients with penile cancer who are proven to have negative inguinal lymph nodes have an excellent prognosis. Furthermore, patients with small-volume inguinal node involvement can often be cured by surgery…
Radiotherapy, in the form of external beam radiotherapy or interstitial brachytherapy, provides an effective penile-sparing option for localized squamous cell carcinoma of the penis. Interstitial brachytherapy is completed in 4…
Presence and magnitude of the inguinal nodal metastases are the most important determinants of oncologic outcome in patients with squamous carcinoma of the penis (SCP). Surgical removal of the inguinal…
