Fig. 10.1 Self anchoring tined lead The system engages subcutaneous tissue, particularly muscle tissue, to decrease axial movement of the lead and consequent dislodgment of the stimulating electrodes. The particularity…
Type Mechanisms Examples Direct Change in sexual desire from disease Typically reduced, e.g., from high prolactin and anemia of chronic renal failure [1]. May be increased, e.g., from some brain…
Type of incontinence Never Rarely Sometimes Usually Always Solid stools 0 1 2 3 4 Liquid stools 0 1 2 3 4 Gas 0 1 2 3 4 Wears pad…
Stimulation group (%) No treatment group (%) References Cured Improved Cured Improved Weil [28] 9/16 (56) Not reported (29) 1/22 (5) 0/22 (0) Schmidt [26] 16/34 (47) 10/34 (29)…
Authors Inclusion criteria Exclusion criteria Kenefick et al. [20] Failed conventional therapy, bowel frequency 2 or less per week, straining > 25 % of time, minimum duration 1 year Previous abdominal surgery,…
Fig. 8.1 Mechanisms claimed for TENS effectiveness TENS-induced activity in Aδ and C afferents has also been shown to produce extra-segmental analgesia through the activation of structures which form the…
Fig. 7.1 On the top some devices (vaginal and anal plugs) adopted for FES/EStim. Lower the electrode catheter used for intravesical electrical stimulation Current intensity depends on the patient’s tolerance…
Ohm’s law simply states that the current induced in a conductor increases as the applied driving force (V) is increased or as the opposition to charge movement (R) is decreased….
14. Kienle P, Weitz J, Koch M, Brenner A, Herfath C, Schmidt J (2003) Biofeedback versus electrostimulation in treatment of anal sphincter insufficiency. Dig Dis Sci 48:1607–1613PubMedCrossRef 15. Hosker G,…
Fig. 12.1 Urinary proteome before and after exercise in 3,500 m altitude. a Prior to exercise, b first sample immediately post-exercise, c second sample after exercise (2.5 h post-exercise), and d third sample…
