15: Hereditary Hemochromatosis
Overall Bottom Line HH is an autosomal recessive disease caused by mutations in the HFE gene leading to increased iron absorption and deposition of iron in various organs, including the…
6: Hepatitis C: Diagnosis, Management and Treatment
Overall Bottom Line HCV is a major healthcare problem with an estimated 180 million people affected worldwide. It remains a leading cause for liver transplantation in the USA and accounts…
20: Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis
Overall Bottom Line SBP is observed predominantly in patients with advanced cirrhosis. Gram-negative aerobic bacteria are causative in approximately 80% of patients, anaerobic bacteria occur in no more than 5%…
10: Alcoholic Hepatitis
Overall Bottom Line AH represents a clinicopathologic spectrum of liver disease, ranging from mild to a severe, life-threatening injury in patients who drink to excess. AH is typically characterized by…
3: Drug-Induced Liver Injury
Overall Bottom Line DILI is the most common cause of acute liver failure in the USA. DILI can be caused by prescription medications, over-the-counter medications, vitamins, hormones, herbs, illicit (“recreational”)…
11: Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Overall Bottom Line NAFLD encompasses a spectrum of disease conditions ranging from simple steatosis to NASH which may progress to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Many patients who previously were labeled…
12: Autoimmune Hepatitis and Overlap Syndromes
Overall Bottom Line AIH is characterized by immune-mediated destruction of hepatocytes leading to either acute liver failure or chronic liver disease. AIH is most often confused with drug-induced liver disease….
9: Biliary Infections
Overall Bottom Line Acute cholecystitis and cholangitis are potential infectious complications of cholelithiasis (gallstones). Antibiotics covering bowel flora such as Enterobacteriaceae should be promptly initiated while considering surgical or radiologic…
2: Approach to the Patient with Jaundice
Overall Bottom Line Jaundice occurs when there is an elevation in the plasma total bilirubin level that is visible clinically. There are several methods of classifying jaundice in the adult…
1: Approach to the Patient with Abnormal Liver Tests
Overall Bottom Line A detailed medical history is the single most important step in the evaluation of a patient with abnormal liver tests. Evaluation of liver enzyme elevation can be…
