27: Budd–Chiari Syndrome
Overall Bottom Line BCS is a vascular disorder of the liver causing outflow obstruction of blood flow. BCS can present as an acute fulminant hepatic failure with massive hepatic necrosis…
25: Pregnancy-Related Liver Disease
Overall Bottom Line Pregnancy-specific liver diseases are the most common cause of abnormal liver tests in pregnancy. It is imperative to evaluate for pre-existing or newly acquired liver disease (viral…
35: Liver Function Tests in Childhood
Overall Bottom Line The term LFTs is often misused to refer to serum chemistry tests. Liver disease is evaluated by tests that detect liver injury, impaired bile flow or cholestasis,…
14: Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis
Overall Bottom Line PSC is a cholestatic liver disease characterized by inflammation and fibrosis of the biliary system that can result in the formation of multifocal biliary strictures. Though the…
17: Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency
Overall Bottom Line Alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency is an inherited disease primarily affecting the lungs and liver, which is most often due to a defect in the release of AAT…
7: HIV/HCV and HIV/HBV Co-infections
Overall Bottom Line HIV co-infection accelerates both hepatitis C and hepatitis B natural history leading to faster progression to and increased incidence of cirrhosis, HCC and death. HIV/HCV co-infected patients…
22: Hepatorenal Syndrome
Overall Bottom Line HRS is a potentially reversible functional renal insufficiency in patients with cirrhosis, advanced liver failure and portal hypertension. There is no specific diagnostic test for HRS. The…
13: Primary Biliary Cirrhosis
Overall Bottom Line PBC is a slowly progressive autoimmune liver disease that causes destruction to the small- and medium-sized intrahepatic bile ducts. Most patients with PBC are diagnosed after abnormal…
24: Portopulmonary Hypertension
Overall Bottom Line PPHTN is the presence of pulmonary arterial hypertension in the setting of portal hypertension. The cause is unknown but appears to be related to cytokine-induced remodeling of…
33: Nutrition in Liver Diseases
Overall Bottom Line The risk of malnutrition is shown to correlate with severity of disease in cirrhotic patients. PEM is frequently found in decompensated cirrhotic patients at the time of…
