Magnetic Resonance Urography Magnetic resonance (MR) urography refers to MR imaging (MRI) of the urinary collecting systems in a way that provides information roughly analogous to conventional intravenous urography (IVU)….
Magnetic Resonance Cholangiopancreatography The refinement and dissemination of magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) techniques have revolutionized evaluation of the biliary tree and pancreatic duct. MRCP has proven particularly useful in patients…
Magnetic Resonance Angiography in the Abdomen and Pelvis Magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) has become an essential tool in abdominal and pelvic MR imaging (MRI). The utility of MRA has been…
Abdominal and Pelvic Protocol Basics All of the preceding information in this text serves primarily to provide the reader with the necessary tools to establish and understand magnetic resonance (MR)…
Using Magnetic Resonance Contrast Agents in the Abdomen and Pelvis Intravenous Contrast Agents Intravenous magnetic resonance (MR) contrast agents are essential for the majority of abdominal and pelvic indications. Three…
Scan Optimization: The Art of Compromise To be successful in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), one must learn the art of compromise. With few exceptions, when attempting to optimize a scan,…
Basic Magnetic Resonance Imaging Principles for the Abdomen and Pelvis A basic understanding of a limited number of physical principles is essential to performing and interpreting abdominal and pelvic magnetic…
2 General Practitioner, Birmingham, UK Introduction In the past, kidney medicine was regarded as rare, complicated and best left to the specialists. Now it is an everyday part of primary…
End-stage kidney diseaseDialysis-dependent > 3 months Adverse consequences of kidney injury on hospital survival In an Australian study of hospitalised patients identified by the RIFLE classification (Table 7.1), Uchino et…
where F = 1.23 (males), 1.04 (females). Ideal body weight should be used for obese patients, as actual bodyweight would overestimate creatinine clearance, leading to an overdose. Actual bodyweight should…
