Intractable Overactive Bladder: Neuromodulation and Botulinum Toxin Therapy Mary T. McLennan SACRAL NEUROMODULATION Indications Tanagho and Schmidt introduced sacral neuromodulation in 1981 (1). Medtronic (Medtronic Inc., Minneapolis, MN) received initial…
Management of Overactive Bladder Joseph M. Montella DEFINITION As defined by the International Continence Society, overactive bladder (OAB) is the condition in which a patient has symptoms of urgency with…
Lower Urinary Tract Infection Mickey M. Karram Sam Siddighi Urinary tract infections (UTIs) in women produce significant health problems. They are among the most common infections dealt with by primary…
Cystou reth roscopy Geoffrey W. Cundiff Alfred E. Bent Cystourethroscopy provides a minimally invasive method of visually evaluating the lower urinary tract. It has broad applications in general gynecology and…
Pelvic Floor Tension Myalgia Richard P. Marvel INTRODUCTION Pain has been defined by the International Association for the Study of Pain as “an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with…
Painful Conditions of the Lower Urinary Tract Including Painful Bladder Syndrome Steven E. Swift Toby C. Chai Alfred E. Bent INTRODUCTION Chronic pelvic pain is one of the most difficult…
Urodynamics Victor W. Nitti Melissa C. Fischer INTRODUCTION The lower urinary tract is responsible for the storage and evacuation of urine. Storage should occur at low pressure in order to…
Basic Evaluation of the Incontinent Female Patient Steven E. Swift Alfred E. Bent There remains considerable debate over what constitutes the minimal or basic evaluation of the incontinent female. Although…
Physiology of Lower Urinary Tract—Bladder and Urethra Toby C. Chai Gopal N. Gupta INTRODUCTION Normal bladder function is typified by the storage of an adequate volume of urine at low…
Outcomes Assessment Brian S. Yamada Kathleen C. Kobashi INTRODUCTION Pelvic floor disorders include a wide range of interrelated clinical conditions, such as urinary incontinence, voiding dysfunction, pelvic organ prolapse, defecatory…
