Cow’s Milk Intolerance and Related Disorders
Cow’s Milk Intolerance and Related Disorders Adverse reactions to cow’s milk affect approximately 0.1% to 7.5% of children. Infants generally present at 1 week to 3 months of age with…
Histologic Features
Histologic Features General Structure Small intestinal epithelium is organized into two morphologic and functionally distinct compartments: The crypts of Lieberkühn and the villi. Villi that are unique to the adult…
Radiation Injury
Radiation Injury The small intestine is more sensitive to radiation injury than is the large intestine. The degree of radiation damage reflects many factors (Table 6.11) (286). Patients who receive…
Thermal Injury
Thermal Injury Erosive duodenitis and duodenal ulcers develop in severely burned patients (Fig. 6.126). The inflammatory lesions have an ischemic basis and their pathophysiology resembles that seen in stress ulcers….
Food-Associated Illnesses
Food-Associated Illnesses Patients with food-related complaints pose a diagnostic challenge to their physicians because it is often difficult to document the underlying nature of the offending agent(s). Patients tend to…
Drug Effects
Drug Effects Drugs affect small intestinal structure and function in many ways. They may act as direct mucosal toxins, inhibit mucosal enzymes, interfere with micelle formation, alter the physicochemical state…
Chronic Ulcerative Jejunitis
Chronic Ulcerative Jejunitis Numerous diseases cause small intestinal ulcers (Table 6.9). The rare disorder, chronic ulcerative jejunitis, also known as nongranulomatous chronic idiopathic enterocolitis and chronic ulcerative nongranulomatous jejunoileitis (251),…
Acquired Anatomic Variations
Acquired Anatomic Variations Duodenal Diverticula Duodenal diverticula are found in 1% to 6% of radiologic examinations and in an average of 8.6% of autopsies (147). They complicate peptic ulcer disease,…
Duodenal Peptic Diseases
Duodenal Peptic Diseases Peptic Duodenitis Peptic duodenitis and peptic duodenal ulcers represent different phases in the response to increased acid secretion often as the result of antral predominant H. pylori…
The Neoplastic Esophagus
The Neoplastic Esophagus Esophageal tumors arise in any of the tissues comprising its four layers: The mucosa, submucosa, muscularis propria, and adventitia. Many types of carcinoma arise in the esophagus,…
