Disease progression and recurrence are common among patients on Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) therapy, and options for bladder-preserving subsequent therapy remain limited. Ongoing efforts to develop better second-line bladder-sparing therapies rely…
The best predictors of response to intravesical immunotherapy are tumor grade and stage, tumor recurrence pattern, nomograms, panels of urinary cytokines, and fluorescent in situ hybridization patterns of urine cytology…
High-risk non–muscle invasive bladder cancer is marked by frequent disease recurrences and risk of stage progression, contributing to high surveillance, treatment-related costs, and patient anxiety. Although the mainstay of high-risk…
