Risk factors Tobacco smoking Increased lifetime risk with increased consumption and intensity of smoking Analgesic abuse Long-term use of analgesics, especially phenacetin Balkan nephropathy Papillary necrosis Occupation carcinogen exposure α/β-Naphthylamine,…
Location of the primary tumor (no. of patients with nodal metastasis) Suprahilar Hilar Para-caval Retro-caval Interaorto-caval Para-aortic Common iliac External iliac Obturator Internal iliac Presacral Right RP (22) – 14…
Characteristics Comment References Age Advanced chronological age is an independent predictor of DR, CSM, and OM [12–14] Gender No impact of gender on outcomes [15] Race Afro-American race independent predictor…
Fig. 1.1 Molecular biology of Lynch syndrome. During replication, DNA polymerase slips on highly repetitive microsatellites. Proficient MMR repairs these slips in normal cells, but they persist in those without…
Fig. 2.1 Preoperative nomogram for prediction of organ-confined stage of the UTUC (adapted from Margulis V, et al.: Preoperative multivariable prognostic model for prediction of nonorgan confined urothelial carcinoma of…
Study N pat. Median F/U [mo.] N (EV) N (IV) N (TUI) 5-year bladder RFS [%] (EV) 5-year bladder RFS [%] (IV) 5-year bladder RFS [%] (TUI) Li et al….
Study Setting Inclusion criteria N= Regimen Primary outcomes pCR Survival at 5 years Prospective Siefker Radtke et al. ASCO GU 2012 [35] Neoadjuvant 16 Dose dense MVAC + Bevacizumab…
Risk References Patient factors Age* Increasing age associated with worse disease survival [7, 8] Race Disease-specific annual mortality greater in black than in white individuals [9] Gender Females are…
