The Preoperative Staging of Rectal Cancer

Mar 29, 2017 by in GASTROENTEROLOGY Comments Off on The Preoperative Staging of Rectal Cancer

Location Morphology Number of quadrants involved Degree of fixation Mobility Extrarectal growths Direct continuity with other structures (vagina) DRE alone is considered inadequate in the staging of rectal cancer. Rectal…

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Colorectal Cancer: Metastatic (Palliation)

Mar 29, 2017 by in GASTROENTEROLOGY Comments Off on Colorectal Cancer: Metastatic (Palliation)

Fig. 47.1 Schematic illustrating the multistep process involved in the development of metastasis (With permission from DeVita VT Jr., Hellman S, Rosenberg SA. Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 6th…

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Postoperative Complications

Mar 29, 2017 by in GASTROENTEROLOGY Comments Off on Postoperative Complications

1. Ensure good blood supply (pulsatile bleeding from marginal artery at level of anastomosis) 2. Ensure tension-free anastomosis by complete mobilization of splenic flexure (includes high ligation of inferior mesenteric artery and…

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Constipation and Functional Bowel Disorders

Mar 29, 2017 by in GASTROENTEROLOGY Comments Off on Constipation and Functional Bowel Disorders

Fig. 32.1 Bristol Stool Scale (Adapted with permission from Lewis and Heaton, © 1997 Informa Healthcare. Reproduced with permission) Etiologies of Constipation Diet affects the size, consistency, and frequency of…

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Anal Fissure

Mar 29, 2017 by in GASTROENTEROLOGY Comments Off on Anal Fissure

Fig. 12.1 Examination revealing an anal fissure The differential diagnosis includes perianal abscess, anal fistula, inflammatory bowel disease, a sexually transmitted disease, and anal carcinoma. Atypical fissures (off the midline,…

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Endometriosis

Mar 29, 2017 by in GASTROENTEROLOGY Comments Off on Endometriosis

Common   Ovaries 60–75 % Uterosacral ligaments 30–65 % Cul-de-sac 20–30 % Uterus 4–20 % Rectosigmoid colon 3–10 % Less common   Appendix 2 % Ureter 1–2 % Terminal ileum…

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Health-Care Economics

Mar 29, 2017 by in GASTROENTEROLOGY Comments Off on Health-Care Economics

Fig. 51.1 By 2019, national health spending is expected to reach $4.5 trillion and comprise 19.3 % of gross domestic product (GDP) With the advent of the resource-based relative value…

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Quality

Mar 29, 2017 by in GASTROENTEROLOGY Comments Off on Quality

Fig. 56.1 The Donabedian model of quality of care: interrelated components of structure, process, and outcome The Donabedian Model (Part 1): Structure “Structure” in the Donabedian model refers to the…

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Continuing Medical Education

Mar 29, 2017 by in GASTROENTEROLOGY Comments Off on Continuing Medical Education

1. Patient care 2. Medical knowledge 3. Practice-based learning and improvement 4. Interpersonal and communication skills 5. Professionalism 6. Systems-based practice Several of these competencies speak directly to this issue…

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