Key Concepts Print Section Listen Epidemiology Atrial septal defects (ASDs) are among the most common cardiac malformations, with prevalence [including persistence of patent foramen ovale (PFO)] greater than 15 percent…
Key Concepts Print Section Listen Epidemiology Transposition of the great arteries (TGA) is the most common cyanotic cardiac anomaly, accounting for approximately 10 percent of congenital cardiac malformations. Morphology The…
Introduction Print Section Listen The history of mechanical circulatory support (MCS) parallels that of cardiac surgery and began with the introduction of the Gibbon bubble oxygenator.1 That revolutionary device opened…
Print Section Listen “Corrected transposition, when first encountered, resembles an unreal apparition…. All of the important people were there doing their expert job. The operation began well. The individual cardiac…
Key Concepts Print Section Listen Epidemiology The prevalence of tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) is 0.21 to 0.36 per 1000 live births, accounting for approximately 7 to 10 percent of all…
Key Concepts Print Section Listen Epidemiology Ventricular septal defect (VSD) is the most common noncyanotic cardiac anomaly (20 percent of all malformations); it is present in over 50 percent of…
Print Section Listen “There is nothing more difficult to take in hand, more perilous to conduct, nor uncertain in its success, than to take the lead in the introduction of…
Key Concepts Print Section Listen Epidemiology Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC) accounts for 1 to 3 percent of all cases of congenital heart defects. Obstructed TAPVC is one of…
Key Concepts Print Section Listen Pulmonary stenosis Right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) obstruction at the level of the pulmonary valve Pulmonary annulus may be stenotic or normal. Treatment is often…
Key Concepts Print Section Listen Epidemiology Relatively uncommon congenital anomaly seen in 0.09 in 1000 births Pathophysiology Considerable variability in pathophysiology is seen with double outlet right ventricle (DORV) and…
