Pediatric Cardiac Transplantation
Key Concepts Print Section Listen Epidemiology Since 1982, over 8000 pediatric heart transplants have been recorded in the Registry of the International Society of Heart and Lung Transplantation. The current…
Ventricular Assist Devices in Children
Key Concepts Print Section Listen The parallel growth of pediatric cardiac surgery and ventricular assist device (VAD) technology has led to the development of mechanical support specifically tailored to the…
Cor Triatriatum
Key Concepts Print Section Listen Epidemiology Cor triatriatum is an uncommon congenital cardiac anomaly in which either the left (cor triatriatum sinister) or right (cor triatriatum dexter) atrium is divided…
Management of Adults with Congenital Heart Disease
Print Section Listen The extraordinary advances and dramatic successes of pediatric cardiology and surgery over the past 50 years have witnessed an increase in children born with congenital heart disease…
Congenital Anomalies of the Sinuses of Valsalva and Aortico–Left Ventricular Tunnel
Congenital Anomalies of the Sinuses of Valsalva Print Section Listen Initially described in 1839,1 sinus of Valsalva (SoV) aneurysm is a rare condition incidentally found in 0.15 to 1 percent…
Tricuspid Atresia and the Functionally Single Ventricle
Key Concepts Print Section Listen Epidemiology Tricuspid atresia is the most common type of functionally single ventricle. Associated cardiac abnormalities are always present and may lead to obstruction of pulmonary…
Cardiac Surgical Intervention in Pediatric Patients with Connective Tissue Disorders
Key Concepts Print Section Listen Thoracic aortic aneurysm syndromes are due to genetic disorders inherited as autosomal dominant traits with reduced penetrance and incomplete expression. Hence, clinical phenotype is complex…
Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome
Key Concepts Print Section Listen Epidemiology Hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) accounts for 5 percent of all congenital heart anomalies and is responsible for 25 percent of cardiac deaths in…
Atrioventricular Septal Defects
Key Concepts Print Section Listen Epidemiology The prevalence of atrioventricular septal defect (AVSD) is 0.19 per 1000 live births, accounting for 2.9 percent of congenital cardiac malformations. In about 60…
The Anatomy of Congenital Cardiac Malformations
Introduction Print Section Listen The results of the surgical treatment of congenital cardiac malformations have been transformed within the last half-century. Prior to the development of cardiopulmonary bypass, it was…
