Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is the primary approach to drain an obstructed pancreatic or biliary duct. Failed biliary drainage is traditionally referred for percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage or surgical bypass,…
Within the past two decades, major progress has been made in biliary endoscopy both with stenting and with ablative therapy. A primary goal in patients with malignant biliary lesions who…
Cholangioscopy was first performed in the 1970s. We now use the term cholangiopancreatoscopy (CP) to reflect the wider application of these miniature reusable dual-operator “mother-daughter” endoscope systems and now fully…
This article reviews the diagnosis and management of sphincter of Oddi dysfunction (SOD), including the various factors to consider before embarking on endoscopic therapy for SOD. Selection starts with patient…
Recurrent acute pancreatitis (RAP) is a challenging condition that can lead to chronic pancreatitis and long-term morbidity. Etiology-based treatment can potentially have an impact on the natural history of RAP…
Postendoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis is a common and potentially devastating complication of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. Advances in risk-stratification, patient selection, procedure technique, and prophylactic interventions have substantially improved the ability…
The major causes of benign biliary strictures include surgery, chronic pancreatitis, primary sclerosing cholangitis, and autoimmune cholangitis. Biliary leaks mainly occur after surgery and, rarely, abdominal trauma. These conditions may…
Decompression of the biliary system in patients with malignant biliary obstruction has been widely accepted and implemented as part of the care. Despite a wealth of literature, there remains a…
The most common malignant causes of biliary strictures are pancreatic cancer and cholangiocarcinoma. Differentiating between malignant and benign causes of biliary strictures has remained a clinical challenge. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography…
Biliary disease is a common cause of acute pancreatitis. Risk stratification for persistent pancreatobiliary obstruction is important for selecting a treatment approach. Most common bile duct stones are extracted with…
