A variety of pathologic conditions may result in ureteral stricture disease. These include urolithiasis, genitourinary infection, retroperitoneal fibrosis, radiation therapy, external trauma, and iatrogenic injury. Strictures below the pelvic brim…
The urologist’s approach to retroperitoneal surgery has traditionally been through a flank or posterior incision to avoid violation of the peritoneal cavity. This approach also provides the most anatomically direct…
Complex proximal ureteral strictures can be challenging to manage. Whereas distal ureteral to midureteral strictures can be successfully managed with ureteral reimplantation with psoas hitch or Boari flap, proximal ureteral…
In the era of minimally invasive surgery, there is a growing amount of evidence and support for the role of laparoscopy in the management of cryptorchidism. There has been a…
Laparoscopy and the ever-expanding robotic-assisted techniques have revolutionized the field of minimally invasive surgeries. Pneumoperitoneum is the keystone that allows surgeon to create a visual field and working space necessary…
Renal biopsy is a crucial tool in the diagnosis of medical disease of the kidney. Histologic information is pivotal in making treatment decisions and providing prognostic information. Ultrasound-guided percutaneous needle…
Indications and Contraindications With the use of shock wave lithotripsy (SWL) and advances in endoscopic technology and instrumentation, open surgery, once the mainstay treatment for ureteral stones, is now uncommon….
Laparoscopic pyeloplasty has evolved into a new standard of care for the treatment of ureteropelvic junction (UPJ) obstruction. Since it was introduced in the early 1990s, the laparoscopic approach has…
Laparoscopic and robotic-assisted laparoscopic procedures are widely used in urologic surgery, conferring significant benefit to patients and improving outcomes. Benefits include less postoperative pain, faster recovery, shorter hospital stay, less…
Urothelial carcinoma can arise from any part of urothelium: bladder, renal collecting system, or ureter. The nomenclature of upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) is reserved for tumors that are localized…
