Fig. 19.1 Parks’ classification of fistula-in-ano. Type I, intersphincteric; Type II, transsphincteric; Type III, suprasphincteric; Type IV, extrasphincteric. The terms trans-, supra-, and extra- refer to the external sphincter mass….
Fig. 17.1 The Karl Storz video equipment Fig. 17.2 The Meinero fistuloscope Fig. 17.3 The unipolar electrode Fig. 17.4 The endobrush Fig. 17.5 The synthetic cyanoacrylate (GLUBRAN 2, GEM) The…
Fig. 4.1 Obstruction of anal gland at its crypt may result in infection disseminating via three pathways to form abscesses potentially in five anatomic locations (left). These abscesses may form…
Fig. 22.1 The impact of various factors on outcome of anal fistula surgery The aim of this chapter is to discuss the causes of operative failure and risk factors for…
Fig. 11.1 Schematic of classic coagulation cascade During the provisional matrix that forms in the wound during early healing, fibrin becomes coated with vitronectin from the serum and fibronectin derived…
Fig. 20.1 Histology of a tubercular lesion with caseation, multinucleated giant cells, macrophages, and lymphocytes Pathogenesis An active extrarectal tuberculous lesion or a history of previous infection can usually be…
Fig. 13.1 Fistula plug placement. The fistula tract is identified and curetted. A silk tie is then placed through the tract. The tie is then affixed to the fistula plug…
Type Percent Subcutaneous 10–15 Low anal 60–70 High anal 15 Anorectal ischiorectal pelvic rectal 5 Submucosa, high intermuscular Very rare Fig. 7.1 The classification of anal fistulas. (a) Intersphincteric. (b)…
Never Rarely Sometimes Weekly Daily Incontinence for solid stool 0 1 2 3 4 Incontinence for liquid stool 0 1 2 3 4 Incontinence for gas 0 1 2…
Fig. 2.1 Overview of the pelvic floor muscles and anal sphincters seen from below The pubococcygeus originates from the posterior inferior aspect of the pubis and the inner anterior surface…
