Key Concepts Print Section Listen Pulmonary stenosis Right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) obstruction at the level of the pulmonary valve Pulmonary annulus may be stenotic or normal. Treatment is often…
Key Concepts Print Section Listen Epidemiology Relatively uncommon congenital anomaly seen in 0.09 in 1000 births Pathophysiology Considerable variability in pathophysiology is seen with double outlet right ventricle (DORV) and…
Key Concepts Print Section Listen Epidemiology Truncus arteriosus is a rare cyanotic cardiac malformation with an incidence of 0.07 per 1000 live births (1.1 percent of all cardiac anomalies), with…
Introduction Print Section Listen Alfred Blalock and Helen Taussig ushered in the surgical treatment of congenital heart disease with the introduction in clinical practice of a systemic artery-to-pulmonary artery (PA)…
Key Concepts Print Section Listen Epidemiology The ductus arteriosus is a normal fetal structure, that arises from the left sixth aortic arch, and connects the proximal left main pulmonary artery…
Key Concepts Print Section Listen Epidemiology Pulmonary atresia (PA) with ventricular septal defect (VSD) and major aortopulmonary collaterals (MAPCAs) is a complex lesion with great morphologic variability that represents approximately…
Key Concepts Print Section Listen Epidemiology Aortopulmonary (AP) window is a rare congenital anomaly, representing 0.2 to 0.5 percent of all cases of congenital heart disease. Pathophysiology An abnormal communication…
Print Section Listen The development of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) has enabled operative treatment for countless numbers of patients with a multitude of acquired and congenital cardiac and vascular anomalies. The…
Introduction Print Section Listen Perioperative care of the pediatric cardiac surgical patient requires a multidisciplinary team that includes cardiologists, cardiothoracic surgeons, anesthesiologists, and intensivists as well as multiple other support…
Introduction Print Section Listen The availability of high-field-strength magnets, high-performance-gradient hardware, and ultrafast sequence technology in recent years has transformed cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) into a multifunctional tool. Cardiac…
