Atrioventricular Septal Defects
Key Concepts Print Section Listen Epidemiology The prevalence of atrioventricular septal defect (AVSD) is 0.19 per 1000 live births, accounting for 2.9 percent of congenital cardiac malformations. In about 60…
UROLOGY
The Anatomy of Congenital Cardiac Malformations
Introduction Print Section Listen The results of the surgical treatment of congenital cardiac malformations have been transformed within the last half-century. Prior to the development of cardiopulmonary bypass, it was…
Atrial Septal Defects and Partial Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection
Key Concepts Print Section Listen Epidemiology Atrial septal defects (ASDs) are among the most common cardiac malformations, with prevalence [including persistence of patent foramen ovale (PFO)] greater than 15 percent…
Transposition of the Great Arteries
Key Concepts Print Section Listen Epidemiology Transposition of the great arteries (TGA) is the most common cyanotic cardiac anomaly, accounting for approximately 10 percent of congenital cardiac malformations. Morphology The…
Mechanical Circulatory Support
Introduction Print Section Listen The history of mechanical circulatory support (MCS) parallels that of cardiac surgery and began with the introduction of the Gibbon bubble oxygenator.1 That revolutionary device opened…
Congenitally Corrected Transposition
Print Section Listen “Corrected transposition, when first encountered, resembles an unreal apparition…. All of the important people were there doing their expert job. The operation began well. The individual cardiac…
Tetralogy of Fallot
Key Concepts Print Section Listen Epidemiology The prevalence of tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) is 0.21 to 0.36 per 1000 live births, accounting for approximately 7 to 10 percent of all…
Ventricular Septal Defects
Key Concepts Print Section Listen Epidemiology Ventricular septal defect (VSD) is the most common noncyanotic cardiac anomaly (20 percent of all malformations); it is present in over 50 percent of…
Milestones in Congenital Cardiac Surgery
Print Section Listen “There is nothing more difficult to take in hand, more perilous to conduct, nor uncertain in its success, than to take the lead in the introduction of…
Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection
Key Concepts Print Section Listen Epidemiology Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC) accounts for 1 to 3 percent of all cases of congenital heart defects. Obstructed TAPVC is one of…
