Improvements in technology have expanded the indications for the ureteroscopic management of renal calculi. Flexible ureter-renoscopes have become smaller and more flexible and have improved optics compared with prior generations….
Intestinal interpositioning is generally considered a surgery of last resort in ureteral repair. Surgical alternatives not involving bowel should be explored before using intestine to bridge ureteral defects because of…
Preoperative Preparation and Planning Ureteroureterostomy (UU) and transureteroureterostomy (TUU) are most often used after trauma, either iatrogenic or penetrating. In such a setting, there is no time for preoperative workup,…
Endoscopic correction of vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) using a bulking agent was initially described in 1981; O’Donnell and Puri advanced the concept by performing subureteric injections using Teflon paste and coining…
Preoperative Considerations During the approach to management of an adrenal mass, it is important that the practitioner distinguishes between a benign versus malignant tumor. Primary adrenal malignancy is extremely rare,…
Excision or transection of the ureter for stricture disease, trauma, or malignant disease requires reconstruction that is variable depending on the defect length and location. Distal ureteral reconstruction is usually…
Indications Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) is a cornerstone of treatment for patients with large stone burden (staghorn, stones >2 cm, or multiple stones between 1 and 2 cm), lower pole stones >1 cm, calyceal…
Introduction Laparoscopic pyeloplasty was first introduced in 1993 as a viable alternative to open pyeloplasty in the treatment of ureteropelvic junction (UPJ) obstruction ( ). Since then, multiple advances in…
Each type of surgery—intraluminal endoscopy, extraluminal endoscopy (ie, laparoscopy), and open surgery—is defined by the manner of accessing the operative site. Getting this part of the surgery right is fundamental…
Introduction The treatment of renal calculus disease has changed dramatically over the past few decades with the introduction of new and advanced endoscopic and percutaneous techniques. Open techniques for management…
