Preoperative Preparation and Planning Injectable urethral bulking agents are a minimally invasive treatment option for stress urinary incontinence (SUI). Bulking agents aim to restore continence by increasing urethral resistance at…

True strictures of the fossa navicularis represent a unique challenge for the reconstructive surgeon. It is essential that the etiology of the meatal stenosis and fossa stricture be understood to…

Vasectomy is a reliable procedure to attain permanent male sterilization. Interested men should be counseled on the nature of the procedure; the risks; what to expect before, during, and after…

Acute testicular torsion is one of the few true pediatric urologic surgical emergencies. If the diagnosis of acute testicular torsion is delayed, it can lead to late treatment and subsequent…

The first modern radical perineal prostatectomy (RPP) for the treatment of prostate cancer was performed by Hugh Hampton Young in 1904. The technique was later modified in 1939 by Belt,…

Indications The most common indication for placement of an artificial urinary sphincter (AUS) is postprostatectomy incontinence (PPI) from radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer, with 8% to 12% of patients seeking…

Simple Orchiectomy Simple orchiectomy refers to the surgical removal of one or both testicles through a scrotal or subinguinal approach. Indications for bilateral surgery include achieving castrate levels of testosterone…

Spermatic Cord Block Any patient undergoing a sperm retrieval procedure under local anesthesia will appreciate a well-done spermatic cord block. The nerves that innervate the contents of the scrotum travel…

Preoperative Preparation and Planning An enterocele is a hernia in which the peritoneum and the intestinal contents displace the vagina, and can be a significant component of pelvic organ prolapse…

Principles of Operations on the Testis The scrotum has two layers, a richly vascularized rugous skin and a thin nonstriated dartos muscle (dartos tunic). The three layers of fascia that…