Surgery to Correct Ambiguous Genitalia (46XX Disorder of Sexual Development) ANTHONY J. CASALE Ambiguous genitalia and intersex are historical terms used to describe a congenital condition where the appearance of…
Vesicoureteral Reflux MARK R. ZAONTZ CHRISTOPHER J. LONG Until the 1980s, the treatment for reflux was dominated by ureteral reimplantation, with cure rates approaching 98%. However, multicenter studies have since…
Ileal Neobladder RICHARD E. HAUTMANN SURGICAL TECHNIQUE Cystectomy (Radical Cystectomy) This radical cystectomy (RC) section is restricted only to those parts that are essential for good function of the neobladder….
Urogenital Sinus and Cloacal Anomalies RICHARD C. RINK JEFFREY A. LESLIE MARTIN KAEFER Anomalies of the urogenital sinus occur on a spectrum ranging from a mild distal communication between the…
Pediatric Laparoscopic and Robotic Pyeloplasty PASQUALE CASALE WALID A. FARHAT Historically, open pyeloplasty has been the standard treatment for congenital or acquired ureteropelvic junction (UPJ) obstruction in adults and children,…
Surgery for Posterior Urethral Valves ROSALIA MISSERI KENNETH I. GLASSBERG A posterior urethral valve (PUV) is the most common cause of congenital bladder outlet obstruction in boys. It is associated…
Hypospadias LAURENCE S. BASKIN Hypospadias is defined by the three major anatomical defects: (a) the abnormal location of the urethral meatus, (b) penile curvature, and (c) abnormalities of the foreskin….
Ureterosigmoidostomy and Mainz Pouch II MICHAEL RINK MARGIT FISCH The first ureterocolonic anastomosis using the anus as continence mechanism was described over 160 years ago by John Simon of St….
Pediatric Laparoscopic Nephrectomy and Partial Nephrectomy GLENN M. CANNON JR. RICHARD S. LEE Since the initial description of a laparoscopic heminephrectomy in a 14-year-old by Jordan and Winslow in 1993…
Childhood Rhabdomyosarcoma FRANK J. PENNA MARTIN A. KOYLE Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is the most common soft tissue sarcoma of childhood, accounting for 5% of all cancers in children and about half…
