Substance Effect Reference Alcohol Inhibit testosterone synthesis [5] Anticonvulsants Sperm abnormalities [6] Arsenic Decrease sperm concentration and motility [7] Cadmium Decreased acrosome reaction [8] Caffeine Lower sperm concentration [9] Calcium…
Fig. 19.1 Physiopathology of infertility associated with endometriosis Pathogenesis of Endometriosis Several theories and hypotheses have attempted to explain the origin of endometriosis and how the different stages of the…
Table of toxins and environmental factors affecting male fertility Environmental and lifestyle factors Mechanism of action Effect Reference Agricultural influences Fertilizers Nitric oxide Impaired spermatogenesis Decreased sperm function…
Three phases have been described in the human implantation process: apposition, adhesion (attachment), and invasion (penetration). The blastocyst communicates with the endometrium in the apposition phase. During the adhesion and…
© Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2015Glenn L. Schattman, Sandro C. Esteves and Ashok Agarwal (eds.)Unexplained Infertility10.1007/978-1-4939-2140-9_14 14. Oxidative Stress in Unexplained Female Infertility Fatma Ferda Verit1 (1) Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Infertility Research & Treatment Center,…
Fig. 15.1 Two-dimensional structures for selected environmental organic pollutants with recognized potential for human reproductive toxicity. a 9,10-dimethylbenzanthracene (DMBA). b 3-methylcholanthrene (3-MC). c Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP). d 2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)propane (Bisphenol A, BPA)….
Fig. 13.1 Possible etiologies of UI in females: abnormal ovarian folliculogenesis, ovulatory dysfunction, tuboperitoneal disorders, impaired fertilization, abnormal embryo development, abnormal endometrial receptivity, and altered sperm transport due to impaired…
Gland Secretion Function Principle cells [3] (epididymus) Glycerophosphocholine Inhibits motility and premature capacitation Seminal vesicles [3] Viscous fluid rich in fructose and glucose, several proteins, including fibrinogen and prostaglandins Substrates…
Semen characteristics WHO 1980 WHO 1987 WHO 1992 WHO 1999 WHO 2010a Volume (mL) ND ≥ 2 ≥ 2 ≥ 2 1.5 Sperm count (106/mL) 20–200 ≥ 20 ≥ 20…
Condition Induction of ASAs Site of induction Chronic obstruction of genital tract/vasectomy Proven Epididymis/vas deferens Varicocele Doubtful Testis Cryptorchidism Doubtful Testis Testis trauma, testis surgery No risk factor – Testicular…
