Chemotherapy
Study Setting Inclusion criteria N= Regimen Primary outcomes pCR Survival at 5 years Prospective Siefker Radtke et al. ASCO GU 2012 [35] Neoadjuvant 16 Dose dense MVAC + Bevacizumab…
UROLOGY
Conservative Management of Low-Risk UTUC
Risk References Patient factors Age* Increasing age associated with worse disease survival [7, 8] Race Disease-specific annual mortality greater in black than in white individuals [9] Gender Females are…
Role and Significance of Sperm Function in Men with Unexplained Infertility
Target of investigation Available tests Antisperm antibodies Mixed agglutination reaction (MAR) test Direct immunobeads binding test (direct IBT) Fertilization defects Hemizona assay Sperm–zona binding ratio test Hyperactivation (HA) motility Acrosome…
Gonadotropin in Assisted Reproduction: An Evolution Perspective
Fig. 28.1 Human ovarian steroidogenesis. The starting point for steroid biosynthesis is the conversion of cholesterol in pregnenolone by P450scc. One route of pregnenolone metabolism is the delta-5 pathway (…
Oxidative Stress in Unexplained Male Infertility
Parameter Unexplained male infertility Idiopathic male infertility Semen analysis [1, 2, 6] Normal Abnormal History, physical exam, and endocrine assessment [2, 3, 14] Normal Normal Female factor infertility [2, 6]…
Fallopian Tube Dysfunction in Unexplained Infertility
Fig. 18.1 Normal fallopian tube. Salpingoscopy reveals normal-looking mucosa in the ampullary (a) and infundibular (b) regions. A thin section of the ampulla (c) shows normal ciliated endosalpinx. Electron microscopy…
Treatment and Prognosis of Immunological Factors in Unexplained Male Infertility
Reference Protocol Success of pregnancy Shulman et al. [50] Male patients receive 96 mg/day methylprednisolone from days 21 to 28 of the female menstrual cycle 44 % pregnancy rate in first 12…
Clomiphene Citrate for Women with Unexplained Infertility
Fig. 25.1 Relationship to age. a Pregnancy rate ( horizontal bars) and multiple implantation rates ( lines) per cycle. b Number of follicles > 12 mm ( horizontal bars) implants per…
Sperm Biology from Production to Ejaculation
Fig. 5.1 The human spermatozoa, testis, and epididymis. To the left is a mature human spermatozoon showing the components that make up the head, midpiece and tail sections. To the right…
Evaluation of Women with Unexplained Infertility
Factor Incidence (%) Male 40 Ovulatory dysfunction 35 Uterine-tubal 25 Peritoneal/endometriosis 15 Cervical mucus 10 Under developed endometrium 10 Table 20.2 Infertility factors in 100 couples referred to the fertility…
