Minimally invasive surgery has revolutionized surgery for urologic disorders in pediatric patients. Laparoscopic procedures have become widely available for several different ablative and reconstructive operations in children. The success rates…
A varicocele is a dilatation of the testicular vein and the pampiniform venous plexus within the spermatic cord. Although rare in pediatric populations, the prevalence of varicoceles markedly increases with…
With miniaturization of instruments and refinement of surgical technique, the management of pediatric stone disease has undergone a dramatic evolution. While shock wave lithotripsy (SWL) is still commonly used to…
Lower urinary tract syndrome is common in children. Incontinence, urinary tract infection, vesicoureteral reflux, and constipation are commonly associated with this syndrome. Examining the clinical history of the afflicted patient…
The evaluation and management of neonates with ambiguous genitalia requires sensitivity, efficiency, and accuracy. The approach to these neonates is facilitated by a multidisciplinary team including urology, endocrinology, genetics, and…
There has been an emergence of a therapeutic nihilistic attitude about the surgical treatment of vesicoureteral reflux (VUR). Evidence-based reviews have questioned whether surgical treatment is beneficial for children with…
Hypospadias results from abnormal development of the penis that leaves the urethral meatus proximal to its normal glanular position anywhere along the penile shaft, scrotum, or perineum. A spectrum of…
Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a frequent diagnosis in children who are referred to the urologist. Although most infections will resolve without complication after appropriate treatment, a wide array of potential…
Initial care of newborns with spina bifida centers on preventing bladder and upper tract damage from detrusor leak point pressure of greater than 40 cm H 2 O. The authors…
Cryptorchidism is a common genital anomaly diagnosed at birth or during childhood. Genetic and/or environmental factors that alter expression or function of hormones crucial for testicular descent, insulin-like 3, and…
