Fig. 55.1 Treatment algorithm As is evidenced by the NCCN guidelines for the treatment of rectal cancer with resectable liver metastasis, there is no defined algorithm for the initial treatment…
Fig 47.1 TEMS rectoscope with the binocular eye-piece and the instruments in the appropriate ports Procedure The procedure is performed under general anesthetic with full muscle relaxation, as for abdominal…
Fig. 35.1 Overall survival comparison for NACT in surgical setting from NACCMA Collaboration meta-analysis (From Tierney et al. [13]; used with permission from Elsevier) In 2007 the Gynecologic Oncology Group…
Molecular lesion Type I (%) Type II (%) References PIK3CA Mutation 30 20 [20, 81–83, 122] Amplification 2–14 46 [42, 122] KRAS mutation 11–26 2 [119, 123, 124] AKT mutation…
Fig. 44.1 Main elements of the ERAS protocol (Reprinted from Fearon et al. [59]; with permission from Elsevier) Fig. 44.2 Complications within an eras program. Forest plot of comparison: ERAS…
Sphere T = PR/2 Cylinder T = PR T wall tension (resistance to internal vessel pressure), P internal pressure, R radius Camey and LeDuc illustrated this concept in comparing their initial orthotopic diversions. Their…
Fig. 49.1 Holy plane of TME dissection Partial Mesorectal Excision (High Anterior Resection and Mesorectal Transection) Upper rectal tumors (12–15 cm from the anal verge) may not require TME and…
Fig. 1.1 The systems approach to surgical performance (Adapted from Undre et al. [6]) The evidence for decision-making in MDT meetings covers many different aspects of the MDT meeting across…
Fig. 20.1 Patient draped and positioned with the perineum parallel to the floor 20.4 Surgical Technique An inverted horseshoe incision is made with clearance of the anal verge by roughly…
Fig. 3.1 Torso simulator (From www.chiropractictools.com/pelvis_model.php) After the basic sciences have been mastered, the student can move on to develop their psychomotor skills, beginning with a basic box trainer and…
