Symptom Prevalence (%) Obstructed defecation 75–100 Manual assistance of defecation 20–75 Rectal pain 12–70 Rectal bleeding 20–60 Incontinence 10–30 Rectocele can be classified according to its position: low, middle, or…

Fig. 15.1 Complete mucus membrane cylinder at the end of the dissection. (Reproduced from [9], with permission) Fig. 15.2 Rectal muscle plication and mucosal section. (Reproduced from [9], with permission)…

Fig. 13.1 Algorithm of multimodal rehabilitation. CRST, conscious rectal sensitivity threshold; MVC, maximal voluntary contraction [4] Each rehabilitative technique is chosen according to a specific manometric sign, and the techniques…

Fig. 21.1 The ventral position of the mesh allows correction of rectorectal intussusception, reinforcement of the rectovaginal septum and performance of a colpopexy. Closure of the peritoneum above the mesh…

Fig. 12.1 Anatomy of anal sphincters and puborectalis muscle. Red puborectalis muscle, yellow external sphincter deep portion, pale yellow external sphincter superficial portion, orange internal sphincter Fig. 12.2 Anatomy of…

Fig. 23.1 The position of a quadripolar electrode in the third sacral foramen and the anatomical structures around it Fig. 23.2 An implanted tined lead broken during the removal procedure…

Autologous grafts:      Fascia lata      Rectus fascia Allografts:      Human cadaveric dermis:         AlloDerm (LifeCell Corporation, Branchburg, New Jersey, USA)         FlexHD (Ethicon, Cornelia, Georgia, USA)      Cadaveric fascia lata:         Suspend Tutoplast (Mentor Corporation, Santa…

Fig. 24.1 Full-thickness rectal prolapse. (Courtesy of Justin A Maykel) Despite the myriad of choices for repair, recurrence rates can be as high as 47% for some of the procedures…

Fig. 3.1 The human bony pelvis seen from the front (top) and from below (bottom), showing the bones and main ligament structures of the pelvis supporting the pelvic floor The…

Fig. 17.1 Express procedure for intussusception. a A purpose-designed tunneller is inserted via the perineal wound (lateral to the vagina) upwards behind the pubic bone to emerge through the suprapubic…