Fig. 1.1 Prevalence of self-reported difficulty emptying bladder by gender and age (Permission obtained Valente et al. 2014) A number of coexisting conditions have been implicated in UAB development and…
Fig. 10.1 The inFlow Intraurethral device in proper position in this drawing cross-sectional area of a woman’s pelvis The inFlow device with activator is indicated for use “in female patients…
Patients UAB criteria UAB % Predictors Kaplan et al. (1995) 115 M, 68 F, between 48 and 93 years old, with voiding symptoms Impaired detrusor contractility: poorly sustained or…
Fig. 7.1 Potential new drugs for UAB target key molecular pathways involved in micturition control at the levels of the urothelium, detrusor muscle autonomic and afferent pathways, spinal cord, and…
Comorbid condition Direct and indirect effects Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) Bladder outlet obstruction Cognitive impairment (delirium, dementia) Decreased sensation of filling Reduced awareness of need to void Diabetes mellitus Decreased…
Fig. 6.1 Direct (bethanechol) and indirect (distigmine) agonist treatment of underactive bladder Current approaches toward medical treatment of UAB aim at providing additional stimulation of bladder muscarinic receptors. This can…
Fig. 11.1 An intermediate body of Chlamydia trachomatis undergoing differentiation. In this figure there are two points of condensation of DNA into electron-dense nucleoids (n). Note the inner cytoplasmic membrane…
Acronym Clinical diagnosis Clinical symptoms Grade of severity CY-1 Cystitis Dysuria, frequency, urgency, suprapubic pain; sometimes unspecific symptoms 1 PN-2 Mild and moderate pyelonephritis Fever, flank pain, CVA tenderness; sometimes…
Fig. 10.1 Histopathological evaluation of chronic tissue inflammatory infiltrate (Courtesy by Prof Guido Martignoni (University of Verona, Italy)) 10.1.1 The Prostate Model Chronic prostatic inflammation seems to play a crucial…
Fig. 5.1 Color Doppler appearance of the prostate gland. Transrectal transverse scans. (a) Normal prostate. (b) Patient with clinically obvious prostatitis showing marked hypervascularization of the prostate gland Fig. 5.2…
