Pelvic Organ Prolapse
Fig. 11.1 (a, b) Urodynamic s tracings for patient 1; (a) without vaginal packing; (b) with vaginal packing Findings For Fig. 11.1a (without vaginal packing): Filling Phase CMG: Increased first…
UROLOGY
Female Stress Urinary Incontinence
Mixed urinary incontinence Failed stress incontinence surgery Existing pelvic organ prolapse without stress urinary incontinence 5.2 Mechanisms of SUI and Urodynamic Considerations To begin, normal female urinary continence is achieved…
Augmented Lower Urinary Tract
Neurologic Inflammatory Functional Iatrogenic Acquired Congenital Infectious Noninfectious Hinman syndrome Urinary undiversion Spinal cord injury Spina bifida Tuberculosis Radiation cystitis Overactive bladder Vesicovaginal fistula Multiple sclerosis Posterior urethral valves Schistosomiasis…
Overactive Bladder: Non-neurogenic
Fig. 3.1 Detrusor overactivity Findings Filling Phase First desire at 82 cm3. Strong desire soon after. Multiple detrusor contractions at 160, 175, 189, 197, and 200 cm3. Large amplitude detrusor…
Overactive Bladder: Neurogenic
Fig. 4.1 Urodynamic tracing for 39-year-old man with T6 SCI Findings The urodynamic tracing demonstrates the filling phase. The patient’s bladder was emptied by catheterization after he was unable to…
Iatrogenic Female Bladder Outlet Obstruction
Fig. 10.1 Urodynamics tracing for patient 1 Findings The patient has an otherwise stable cystometrogram (filling phase) and tolerates a normal volume into her bladder (400 cm3). When given permission…
Further Investigations and Follow-Up: Pelvic Floor Ultrasound
Fig. 10.1 A GE probe applied transperineally to obtain 3D/4D data volumes Fig. 10.2 Tomographic ultrasound images obtained using transperineal ultrasound of (a) a typical intact levator ani muscle (LAM)…
Obstetric Fistula
Fig. 15.1 Early vesicovaginal fistula with sloughing tissue draining out through the vagina (Reproduced with permission of Dr. Andrew Browning) Vesicovaginal fistulae are the most common type of fistulae. The…
Anorectal Anatomy and Physiology
Fig. 2.1 Rectum Anorectal Muscles The rectal tunica muscularis, such as in the colon, is composed by one inner circular layer and one external longitudinal layer. The latter is an…
Healing Process and Complications
Fig. 13.1 Infralevator haematoma A supralevator haematoma, on the contrary, is not visible externally (Fig. 13.2). It can be felt as an insensitive rubbery mass protruding into the vaginal wall…
