Prenatal Urologic Diagnosis and Maternal Counseling Barry A. Kogan I. INTRODUCTION With the advent of the widespread use of prenatal ultrasound in clinical practice, urologic conditions are being diagnosed in…
Spina Bifida/Neurogenic Bladder Ronald S. Sutherland I. INTRODUCTION Neurogenic bladder dysfunction occurs as a result of developmental anomalies, injuries, and disease of the nervous system. Maldevelopment of the spinal cord,…
Constipation and Urologic Conditions Angelique M. Champeau Karla M. Giramonti I. INTRODUCTION There is a strong correlation between constipation and urologic conditions. Constipation should be considered in the following urological…
Nocturnal Enuresis Anne M. Arnhym I. INTRODUCTION Nocturnal enuresis is a common condition that affects children of all ethnic backgrounds. It may result from a single factor or a combination…
Daytime Urinary Incontinence/Bladder and Bowel Dysfunction (in the Otherwise Healthy Child) Angelique M. Champeau I. INTRODUCTION A. In order to understand childhood urinary incontinence one must first understand the development…
Vesicoureteral Reflux Hillary L. Copp Laurence S. Baskin I. INTRODUCTION Vesicoureteral reflux is defined as the abnormal retrograde flow of urine from the bladder into the upper urinary tract through…
Urinary Tract Infections in Children Hillary L. Copp Angelique M. Champeau Nicholas M. Holmes I. INTRODUCTION A. Urinary tract infection (UTI) is an inflammatory process of the urinary tract due…
Hydrocele, Hernia, Neonatal Torsion, and Scrotal Masses Barry A. Kogan Hydrocele and Hernia I. DEFINITION A. Hydrocele: An accumulation of fluid around the testicle. Types: Communicating and noncommunicating (Fig. 5-1A-B)….
Abnormalities of Sex Differentiation Jason M. Wilson Typical sex differentiation is an intricately choreographed processes involving chromosomally directed gene expression, protein and hormone production, gonadal development, and development of reproductive…
Undescended Testes—Cryptorchidism Guy A. Bogaert I. DEFINITION The testis is “undescended” if it is not in the scrotum or cannot be brought there during physical examination. Cryptorchidism means hidden or…
