Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common and serious condition, the diagnosis of which depends on serum creatinine measurements. Unfortunately, creatinine is a delayed and unreliable biomarker of AKI. The…
In the kidney, filtered inorganic phosphate ions are reabsorbed along the proximal tubules. This transepithelial process involves sodium-dependent phosphate transporters that are localized at the apical (brush border) membrane. Currently,…
Abstract Metabolic acidosis is the acid–base disturbance that is initiated by a primary decrease in the plasma [HCO 3 − ]. The acidemia leads to a time-dependent and quantitatively predictable…
In the kidney, filtered inorganic phosphate ions are reabsorbed along the proximal tubules. This transepithelial process involves sodium-dependent phosphate transporters that are localized at the apical (brush border) membrane. Currently,…
Glucose is the major fuel source to the body’s tissue and its plasma concentration is maintained within narrow limits, 4–10 mM, except in diabetes where it may rise to over…
Amino acids and small peptides are very efficiently reabsorbed at the level of the kidney proximal tubule by a series of specialized membrane proteins. In a first step, they are…
Calcium plays a vital role in several biological processes including normal neuromuscular transmission, muscular contractility, cellular signaling, enzyme function, and blood coagulation. Hence, the appropriate control of calcium homeostasis is…
Cell surface sensors for extracellular Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ provide an important mechanism for the regulation of diverse physiological processes by extracellular divalent mineral ions. These ion sensors function…
Transmembrane transport of HCO − 3 and CO 2 is central to body pH and volume homeostasis. The Na + -independent, electroneutral CI − /HCO − 3 exchangers AE1/Band 3…
Although bone harbors almost all of the body stores of calcium, the kidneys serve as the regulator of calcium homeostasis. Calcium filtered at the glomerulus is extensively reabsorbed by proximal…
