1. Wasn’t this category previously called postinfectious glomerulonephritis (PIGN)? There has been considerable effort to reclassify glomerular diseases that occur as a result of an infection. PIGN describes a unique…
1. How common is systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and how often is lupus nephritis present in patients with this disease? The prevalence of SLE in the United States is around…
1. Define the terms diabetic nephropathy (DN) and diabetic kidney disease (DKD). The terms DN and DKD are used interchangeably to describe a set of characteristic clinical and pathologic findings….
1. What is membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN)? (MPGN) is a rare form of glomerular disease that occurs in both children and adults. It is characterized by a unique histopathologic feature, namely…
1. What is immunoglobulin a nephropathy (IGAN)? IgAN is a glomerular disease characterized by the deposition of type A immunoglobulin in the mesangial areas of the glomerulus. This leads to…
1. What is membranous nephropathy (MN)? MN is a common immune-mediated glomerular disease that remains the leading cause of nephrotic syndrome in white adults. It is a histologic diagnosis based…
1. What is focal segmental glomerulosclerosis? Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is a class of glomerular diseases defined by focal and segmental patterns of scar in the kidney glomeruli. This disease…
1. What are the diagnostic criteria for nephrotic syndrome? Nephrotic syndrome is a syndrome that results from severe proteinuria. Heavy glomerular protein losses (≥3.5 g in an adult or >40…
1. How can chronic kidney disease (CKD) alter the pharmacokinetic behavior of most drugs? CKD directly and indirectly affects the pharmacokinetic properties of most drugs. Alterations of drug pharmacokinetics in…
1. How do you recognize progressive kidney failure? Progressive kidney failure is recognized by an increasing serum creatinine over time. However, some patients may have a normal creatinine early in…
