TREATMENT. Individuals with AIH are treated by immunosuppression. Steroids, with or without azathioprine, are commonly used, and remission can be achieved in up to 80% of cases. Individuals who do…

Bile duct hamartomas can be single or multiple. Most are small (less than 10 mm), but occasional cases can be very large, up to 20 cm, with large dilated biliary…

Iron Absorption Most iron is absorbed in the duodenum and proximal jejunum. Heme iron is disassociated from globin and then taken up by the enterocytes. Dietary non-heme iron requires additional…

Nonetheless, infantile hemangiomas do have a risk of developing malignancy and should be examined for areas of atypia. Architectural atypia can include papillary tufts (Fig. 18.2) as well as solid…

At a practical diagnostic pathology level, the etiology of granulomas in the liver will most often not be evident by histology alone. Nonetheless, there can be clues that will help…

The specific entities in Table 3.1 are discussed in detail in the relevant chapters of this book, but this table provides a useful compilation of subtle biopsy diagnoses to consider…

LYMPHOMA Most lymphomas involving the liver are not primary lymphomas. Essentially, any lymphoma can, at some point, involve the liver as it spreads from its site of origin (Fig. 22.3,…

TICK-BORNE DISEASES Ticks can transmit a variety of infections, including protozoa, bacteria, and viruses. Most of the infections are not primarily hepatic in their manifestations, but the bacterial infections in…