Hypocalcaemia and Hypercalcaemia
and Christopher Isles2 (1) Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK (2) Dumfries and Galloway Royal Infirmary, Dumfries, UK Q1 Where is calcium found in the…
NEPHROLOGY
Hyponatraemia
and Christopher Isles2 (1) Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK (2) Dumfries and Galloway Royal Infirmary, Dumfries, UK Q1 Why do patients become hyponatraemic? Hyponatraemia…
Complement Activation
Fig. 7.1 Complement activation and regulation system. The complement system consists of more than 30 molecules and forms three major pathways: the classical pathway (CP), alternative pathway (AP), and lectin…
Prognostic Indicators and Treatment of IgA Nephropathy in China
Fig. 9.1 Kaplan–Meier renal survival from renal biopsy (a) and disease onset (b) in 1,155 patients with IgAN. ESRD end-stage of renal disease For patients with proteinuria >1.0 g/day at biopsy,…
Heterogeneity of Aberrant O-Glycosylation of IgA1 in IgA Nephropathy
Fig. 4.1 A proposed multi-hit pathogenesis of IgAN. IgA1 with some O-glycans deficient in galactose (galactose-deficient IgA1; Gd-IgA1) is produced in increased amounts, leading to increased levels in the circulation…
Differences of Histological Classification Between the Japanese Histological Grade Classification and the Oxford Classification
1. Oxford classification: split system M Mesangial hypercellularity ≤0.5 (M0) or ≥0.5 (M1) E Endocapillary hypercellularity Absent (E0) or present (E1) S Segmental sclerosis Absent (S0) or present (S1) T…
IgA Nephropathy from the VALIGA European Study: Differences in Treatment Approaches Within Europe
Country % of IgAN Spain 24 France 33 Italy 37 Czech Republic 37 UK 39 Estonia 35 Poland 51 Sweden 30 Norway 19 Finland 40 Apart from genetic conditioning, exposure…
Validity of the Japanese Clinical Grade Criteria: Results from the Nationwide Retrospective Cohort Study in IgA Nephropathy
C-Grade I C-Grade II C-Grade III P Number of patients 401 406 248 Male/female 195:206 192:214 143:105 0.026 Age 30 31 51 <0.0001 SBP (mmHg) 120 120 136 <0.0001…
Is IgA Nephropathy a Single Disease?
Fig. 1.1 Geographical variations in the prevalence of IgAN. Percentages represent the proportion of cases of IgAN compared to all native kidney biopsies performed. The numbers in brackets represent minority…
Japanese Clinical Practice Guidelines for IgA Nephropathy: Difference from KDIGO Guidelines
Fig. 15.1 Working group for the development of Clinical Guidelines for IgA Nephropathy, Progressive Renal Diseases Research by the Japanese Society of Nephrology, and Research on Intractable Disease by the…
