Fig. 3.1 Comparing the urinary proteins after removing cells in urine by centrifugation or filtration, respectively [1] Testing the loading capacity of the PVDF membrane As shown in Fig. 3.2, after protein…

Fig. 12.1 Urinary proteome before and after exercise in 3,500 m altitude. a Prior to exercise, b first sample immediately post-exercise, c second sample after exercise (2.5 h post-exercise), and d third sample…

  URL Content HKUPP database http://​www.​hkupp.​org/​ Proteome of normal kidney and urine Urinary exosomes protein database http://​dir.​nhlbi.​nih.​gov/​papers/​lkem/​exosome/​index.​htm 304 proteins identified from exosomes in normal human urine [11] MAPU urine dataset…

Fig. 5.1 Negative staining of urinary exosomes from normal human subjects using electron microscopy at 41,000× magnification. This magnification was used to show a variety of exosomes from a 200,000×g low-density pellet…

Time Rat 1 Rat 2 Rat 3 Rat 4 Rat 5 Mean; SD (8 h) Urine volume (8 h) ml Urine volume (24 h) ml Urine volume (8 h) ml Urine volume (24 h) ml…

Fig. 17.1 The human orthologs identified from the rat proteins in perfusion-driven urine were compared with human kidney expression data (Kidney expr), the pooled human urine and urinary exosome proteome (UriANDexo),…

Fig. 11.1 Standard maps obtained with the analysis software PDQuest for the four comparisons investigated. The differentially expressed spots are shown as red circles a in G1 versus G2; b in…

Fig. 16.1 Dynamic changes in ADR-treated rats. Urinary protein to creatinine ratios in six phases of ADR-treated rats. The data are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation (n =…

Fig. 8.1 Workflow of urine sample preparation using 96-well filter plate for shotgun proteomics. The procedures for processing both urine supernatant and pellet fractions are described. After digestion, when to clean…