List of Abbreviations CD Crohn’s disease CTE Computed tomography enterography ECF Enterocutaneous fistula EEF Enteroenteric fistula EUA Examination under anesthesia EUS Endoscopic ultrasound MRE Magnetic resonance enterography RVF Rectovaginal fistula…

List of Abbreviations CAN Colitis-associated neoplasia CD Crohn’s disease CT Computed tomography CTE Computerized tomography enterography EBD Endoscopic balloon dilation ES Endoscopic stricturotomy IBD Inflammatory bowel disease ICA Ileocolonic anastomosis…

List of Abbreviations ADC Apparent diffusion coefficient CD Crohn’s disease CDMI The Crohn’s Disease MRI Index CEUS Contrast enhanced ultrasonography CTE Computed tomography enterography DWI Diffusion-weighted imaging ECCO The European…

List of Abbreviations CD Crohn’s disease CK Cytokeratin CMV Cytomegalovirus CRC Colorectal cancer CTLA4 Cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 CVID Common variable immune deficiency DAC Diverticular disease-associated colitis GI Gastrointestinal…

List of Abbreviations CD Crohn’s disease CDAI Crohn’s Disease Activity Index CT Computed tomography ECF Enterocutaneous fistula EEF Enteroenteric fistula EGD Esophagogastroduodenoscopy EUS Endoscopic ultrasonography GI Gastrointestinal IPAA Ileal pouch-anal…

List of Abbreviations AimD Autoimmune disorder AinD Autoinflammatory disorder ASC Adipose-derived stem cells ASCT Autologous hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation CARP Chronic antibiotic-refractory pouchitis CD Crohn’s disease EIM Extraintestinal manifestation FDA The…

List of Abbreviations ASCA Anti- Saccharomyces cerevisiae antibody CD Crohn’s disease DR3 Death domain receptor 3 ECM Extracellular matrix EMT Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition IBD Inflammatory bowel disease IFN Interferon IL Interleukin…

List of Abbreviations CD Crohn’s disease DKK-1 Dickkopf-homolog-1 EMT Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition IL Interleukin MMPs Matrix metalloproteinases TGF Transforming growth factor TNF Tumor necrosis factor Introduction Patients with Crohn’s disease (CD)…