Overall Bottom Line SBP is observed predominantly in patients with advanced cirrhosis. Gram-negative aerobic bacteria are causative in approximately 80% of patients, anaerobic bacteria occur in no more than 5%…

Overall Bottom Line AH represents a clinicopathologic spectrum of liver disease, ranging from mild to a severe, life-threatening injury in patients who drink to excess. AH is typically characterized by…

Overall Bottom Line DILI is the most common cause of acute liver failure in the USA. DILI can be caused by prescription medications, over-the-counter medications, vitamins, hormones, herbs, illicit (“recreational”)…

Overall Bottom Line NAFLD encompasses a spectrum of disease conditions ranging from simple steatosis to NASH which may progress to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Many patients who previously were labeled…

Overall Bottom Line AIH is characterized by immune-mediated destruction of hepatocytes leading to either acute liver failure or chronic liver disease. AIH is most often confused with drug-induced liver disease….

Overall Bottom Line Acute cholecystitis and cholangitis are potential infectious complications of cholelithiasis (gallstones). Antibiotics covering bowel flora such as Enterobacteriaceae should be promptly initiated while considering surgical or radiologic…

Overall Bottom Line Jaundice occurs when there is an elevation in the plasma total bilirubin level that is visible clinically. There are several methods of classifying jaundice in the adult…

Overall Bottom Line HAV is an RNA picornavirus that infects only primates. HEV is an RNA virus and a member of the Hepeviridae family that infects humans and multiple domestic…

Overall Bottom Line A detailed medical history is the single most important step in the evaluation of a patient with abnormal liver tests. Evaluation of liver enzyme elevation can be…

Overall Bottom Line ALA is the most common manifestation of extraintestinal amebiasis. Untreated amebic liver abscesses are not likely to resolve spontaneously, and will require specific treatment. Post-treatment prognosis is…