Cholangiocarcinoma
Cholangiocarcinoma DEFINITION: Bile duct cancers that arise from the epithelial cells of the bile ducts (does not include gallbladder or ampullary cancer) Classification: Intrahepatic: originate from small or large intrahepatic…
GASTROENTEROLOGY
Wilson’s Disease
Wilson’s Disease (Hepatology. 2003;37:1475-92) DEFINITION: Autosomal recessive inherited disorder of copper overload secondary to deficiency of an enzyme derived from liver cells (↓ secretion) Other inheritable forms of liver disease:…
Transplantation
Transplantation (Hepatology. 2005;41:1-26) REFERRAL: Decision ultimately rests with the transplant center Transplant when the natural history of liver disease suggest a better survival with transplant United Network for Organ Sharing…
Transplant Immunosuppression
Transplant Immunosuppression Steroids: broad immunosuppressive antibodies Suppress antibody production and ability to recognize antigen, inhibit IL-2 release from macrophages Used for both acute rejection and maintenance Dose varies widely; As…
Pulmonary Complications
Pulmonary Complications HEPATOPULMONARY SYNDROME (HPS) Definition: HPS triad: History of chronic liver disease; Arterial hypoxemia on room air; Presence of intrapulmonary vascular dilation Types of HPS: Type 1: Diffuse pulmonary…
Pregnancy Pearls
Pregnancy Pearls (Am J Gastroenterol. 2004;99:2479-88 & 1999;94:1728-32) GENERAL Liver histology and function do not change during pregnancy Maternal blood volume and cardiac output increase, without corresponding increase in hepatic…
Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis (PSC)
Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis (PSC) DEFINITION: Idiopathic cholestasis with fibrosis, stricturing and dilation of intra- and extrahepatic bile ducts (small and large bile ducts) EPIDEMIOLOGY: Young men (age 20-50) May be…
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis (PBC)
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis (PBC) (NEJM 2005;353:1261-73. Hepatology. 2000;31:1005-13) DEFINITION: PBC: Autoimmune destruction of intrahepatic bile ducts (small bile ducts) Autoimmune Cholangitis or AMA-Negative PBC: (may see positive ANA and/or ASMA)…
Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD)/Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH)/Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver (NAFL)
Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD)/Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH)/Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver (NAFL) (Dig Dis Sci 2005:50;171-80. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2004;2:1048-58. Gastroenterology. 2002:123: 1702-04 & 1705-25) DEFINITION: The presence of macrovesicular fatty changes…
Mass (Focal Liver) Evaluation
Mass (Focal Liver) Evaluation DEFINITION: Benign or Malignant, Primary (originating in the liver) or Secondary (metastases), lesions of the liver EPIDEMIOLOGY: See Etiologies below for specific conditions ETIOLOGIES: Differential Diagnosis…
