Energy 25–40 kcal/kg/day, with extra 10 % in patients with ascites Carbohydrate • 50–60 % of total calories • Blood glucose monitoring recommended especially in patients treated with corticosteroids Protein…
Fig. 13.1 Oxidative pathways of ethanol metabolism . ADH alcohol dehydrogenase, ALDH aldehyde dehydrogenase, NAD nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, NADH reduced NAD, NADP nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, H 2 O 2…
Physical exam findings Symptoms RUQ tenderness 2+ Confusion 1+ RUQ abdominal discomfort 2+ Hepatomegaly 2+ Fever 1+ Weight loss/gain 2+ Ascites 2+ Finger clubbing 1+ Anorexia 2+ Malnutrition and wasting…
Symptoms Signs Laboratory features Common – None – Hepatomegaly – Two- to fourfold ↑ of serum ALT and AST – AST/ALT ratio <1 usually – Alkaline phosphatase level ↑ – Normal bilirubin, albumin levels, and prothrombin…
Fig. 10.1 Spectrum of alcoholic liver disease and main modifying factors. The percentage represents the patients who progress from one stage to the next Alcohol-induced steatosis is characterized by the…
End points related to how a patient feels – Quality of life End points related to how a patient functions – Days from work lost – Ability to carry on…
Author, year [ref.] Country/setting/period Study design/cohort definition/control group Number of patients/follow-up HCC incidence in cohort vs. control group HCC mortality in cohort vs. control group Sorensen et al., 1998 [57]…
Model Description Advantages Limitations Methionine-choline-deficient diet (MCD) •High-sucrose (40 %) and high-fat (10–20 %) diet lacking methionine and choline •Impaired VLDL assembly and β-oxidation of fatty acids •Day 10: NASH…
Author, year Country Population Sample size (n) Prevalence of NAFLD (%) Mode of diagnosis Ref. No. Price, 2014 USA HIV+ and HIV− men in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. N = 719…
Author Comparators N Population Findings ALT Larrieta-Carrasco et al. [58] ALT ≤ or >35 U/L 1037 Overweight Mexican children aged 6–12 PNPLA3 GG genotype had 3.7 times the odds for…
